Raul Manglapus

Also known as: Raul Sevilla Manglapus — full name · Raul S. Manglapus — the initial styling of his books and official records · Composer of "Mambo Magsaysay" — the styling under which he first became nationally known in 1953 · The Third Force standard-bearer — his role in the 1965 presidential campaign · Secretary Manglapus — the styling of his 1987–1992 years at the Department of Foreign Affairs

Government

Definition

Raul Manglapus (Raul Sevilla Manglapus; October 20, 1918, Ermita, Manila – July 25, 1999, Muntinlupa) was a Filipino statesman, composer, and reform politician — the composer of “Mambo Magsaysay,” the 1953 campaign jingle credited with pioneering the form in Philippine presidential elections, the co-founder with Manuel Manahan of the Progressive Party of the Philippines, that party’s presidential standard-bearer in the “Third Force” campaign of 1965, and Secretary of Foreign Affairs from October 15, 1987 to June 30, 1992 under President Corazon Aquino. (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus, Wikipedia — Mambo Magsaysay) An Atenean graduate of 1939 (A.B., summa cum laude; editor-in-chief of The Guidon) whose prize oration “In Defense of the Tao” drew President Quezon to the contest to hear him, a wartime broadcaster on the “Voice of Freedom” who was tortured at Fort Santiago and witnessed the Japanese surrender aboard the USS Missouri on September 2, 1945, he passed the bar in November 1946 and rose through the Magsaysay circle into party politics. (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus)

His electoral record spans the Third Republic’s reform experiments and the restored democracy: he lost Senate races in 1957 and 1959 before topping the 1961 poll as a Liberal guest candidate — 3,489,658 votes (51.78 percent), first nationwide, with Manahan second, the Progressive finish this wiki’s 1961 Philippine Presidential Election entry documents — served in the Senate from December 30, 1961 to December 30, 1967, then ran third for president in 1965 with 384,564 votes (5.17 percent), the figures this wiki’s 1965 Philippine Presidential Election entry records. (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus, Wikipedia — 1961 Senate election, Wikipedia — 1965 election) Caught abroad by the 1972 martial-law declaration, he spent fourteen years in exile organizing the Movement for a Free Philippines, returned after 1986, won a new Senate seat in 1987, resigned it to lead the Department of Foreign Affairs, and closed his career under President Fidel V. Ramos as chairman of the Philippine National Oil Company and of Lakas–NUCD. He died of throat cancer on July 25, 1999, aged 80, his name added to the Bantayog ng mga Bayani Wall of Remembrance in that year’s batch. (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus, Wikipedia — Bantayog ng mga Bayani)

Identities

Source Type	Identity
Wikipedia	Raul Manglapus
Wikidata	Raul Manglapus (Q2074330)
DBpedia	Raul_Manglapus
ProductOntology	N/A
Wiktionary	N/A
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)	Manglapus, Raul S. (Library of Congress name authority n84042703; the record carries no birth or death dates)
MeSH	N/A
NCBI Taxonomy	N/A
AGROVOC	N/A
Google Scholar	Raul Manglapus Mambo Magsaysay 1953 Magsaysay for President Movement Progressive Party Philippines 1961 Senate 3489658 1965 Third Force 384564 exile Movement for a Free Philippines Foreign Secretary 1987 1992 NUCD
ConceptNet	N/A
OpenCyc	N/A

Also Known As

Raul Sevilla Manglapus — full name
Raul S. Manglapus — the initial styling of his books and official records
Composer of “Mambo Magsaysay” — the styling under which he first became nationally known in 1953
The Third Force standard-bearer — his role in the 1965 presidential campaign
Secretary Manglapus — the styling of his 1987–1992 years at the Department of Foreign Affairs

Examples and Analogies

The jingle that taught Philippine campaigns to sing: “Mambo Magsaysay” — Tagalog and English mixed to a mambo beat — is believed to be the first jingle used in a Philippine presidential election, following Arsenio Lacson’s local precedent of 1951; its afterlife is itself part of the record, June Keithley playing it on Radyo Bandido as a morale booster for the 1986 People Power crowds. (Wikipedia — Mambo Magsaysay)
The reform party that kept losing and kept mattering: the Progressive Party he co-founded with Manahan after Magsaysay’s death never won office under its own banner — 1957 and 1959 defeats, the guest-candidacy breakthrough of 1961, the renamed Party for Philippine Progress’s 5.17 percent in 1965 — yet set the vocabulary for every later Philippine reform party. (Wikipedia — Progressive Party of the Philippines)
The exile as a second career: abroad when martial law fell, Manglapus converted fourteen years of banishment into a platform — the Movement for a Free Philippines, Democracy International, and the International Center for Development Policy in Washington — returning in 1986 to cabinet rank. (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus)
Verified biographical data:
Born: October 20, 1918, Ermita, Manila; died: July 25, 1999, Muntinlupa, of throat cancer, aged 80; survived by his wife Pacita La’O (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus)
Education: Ateneo de Manila A.B. 1939, summa cum laude, editor-in-chief of The Guidon (where he befriended Manuel Manahan); University of Santo Tomás law studies; bar examination passed November 1946 (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus)
War record: broadcaster of the “Voice of Freedom” from Bataan and Corregidor; tortured to the brink of death at Fort Santiago; part of the Philippine delegation at the Japanese surrender on the USS Missouri, September 2, 1945 (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus)
1953: composed “Mambo Magsaysay” and led the Magsaysay for President Movement — the volunteer draft operation and jingle this wiki’s 1953 Philippine Presidential Election entry records as pioneering the campaign jingle (Wikipedia — Mambo Magsaysay, Wikipedia — 1953 election)
Senate bids: 1957 — 1,005,595 votes (19.69 percent), 12th, lost; 1959 — 1,651,097 (25.82 percent), 11th, lost (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus)
1961: elected as a Progressive running as a Liberal guest — 3,489,658 votes (51.78 percent), first nationwide ahead of Manahan’s 3,088,040; served December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1967 (Wikipedia — 1961 Senate election, Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus)
1965: presidential candidate of the renamed Party for Philippine Progress with Manahan for vice president — 384,564 votes (5.17 percent), third behind Marcos and Macapagal (Wikipedia — 1965 election)
Parties: Nacionalista until 1957; Progressive 1957–1965; Liberal 1966–1968; founded the Christian Democratic Socialist Movement in 1968, later the National Union of Christian Democrats (NUCD); Lakas from 1992, chairing Lakas–NUCD under Ramos (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus)
Exile: 1972–1986; founded the Movement for a Free Philippines; led Democracy International and the International Center for Development Policy (1981–1986) (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus)
1987 and after: elected to the Senate — 9,910,244 votes (43.58 percent), 16th of 24 — served June 30, 1987 until his resignation on October 9, 1987; Secretary of Foreign Affairs October 15, 1987 – June 30, 1992, succeeding Manuel Yan and succeeded by Roberto Romulo; under Ramos, chairman of the Philippine National Oil Company (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus)
Music: composer of the Ateneo march “Blue Eagle the King”; chairman of FILSCAP; leader of the Executive Combo Band, which performed for Pope John Paul II at the Vatican in 1995; wrote the musical comedy Manifest Destiny (Honolulu premiere, July 1974); jammed with Duke Ellington and King Bhumibol of Thailand (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus)
Honors: honorary doctor of laws, Ateneo de Manila, 1965; Bantayog ng mga Bayani Wall of Remembrance, 1999 batch (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus, Wikipedia — Bantayog ng mga Bayani)

Usage Scenarios

1. Studying Campaign Modernization

“Mambo Magsaysay” is the opening exhibit of any account of Philippine political marketing — the first presidential jingle, born of a volunteer draft movement, and the ancestor of a practice that has run through every campaign since, the record this wiki’s 1953 Philippine Presidential Election entry carries. (Wikipedia — Mambo Magsaysay, Wikipedia — 1953 election)

2. Analyzing Third-Party Politics in the Third Republic

Manglapus’s party arc — the 1957 founding with Manahan, the defeats of 1957 and 1959, the guest-candidacy seats of 1961, the 1965 “Third Force” run, the quiet 1969 disbanding — is the standard case study of reform parties operating inside a two-party system. (Wikipedia — Progressive Party of the Philippines)

3. Tracing the 1961 Realignment

The 1961 poll he topped — a Progressive finishing first nationwide on another party’s line — is the datum of the anti-Garcia realignment this wiki’s 1961 Philippine Presidential Election entry documents, four Nacionalista incumbents among the defeated beneath the two guest candidates. (Wikipedia — 1961 Senate election)

4. Researching the Martial-Law Exile Opposition

The Movement for a Free Philippines and the Washington-based center he ran from 1981 document how the opposition organized abroad after 1972 — the exile wing of the resistance whose home-front record this wiki’s Bantayog ng mga Bayani entry keeps. (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus, Wikipedia — Bantayog ng mga Bayani)

5. Teaching Post-EDSA Foreign Policy

His Foreign Affairs tenure — October 15, 1987 to June 30, 1992, spanning the September 16, 1991 Senate rejection of the bases treaty extension and ending with the Aquino presidency — is the frame for studying the restored democracy’s diplomacy, the alliance debate this wiki’s Lorenzo Tañada entry documents from the movement side. (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus, Wikipedia — Lorenzo Tañada)

Strategies

Song as campaign technology: the jingle converted a candidate’s image into something a electorate could hum — “credited in some quarters as aiding immensely in the election of Magsaysay” — the strategy every Philippine campaign has since copied. (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus, Wikipedia — Mambo Magsaysay)
Enter through the larger party’s list: unable to win under its own banner after 1957 and 1959, the Progressive Party ran its two leaders as Liberal guests in 1961 — the alliance arithmetic that produced both of the party’s senators, Manglapus first and Manahan second. (Wikipedia — Progressive Party of the Philippines, Wikipedia — 1961 Senate election)
Rebrand rather than dissolve: after the 1961 alliance broke, the party renamed itself the Party for Philippine Progress for the 1965 “Third Force” campaign — a third vehicle against Macapagal and Marcos that showed strength in the cities and among young voters without breaking the two-party result. (Wikipedia — Progressive Party of the Philippines)
Organize abroad when organization at home is closed: the fourteen exile years produced the MFP and an international policy platform rather than inactivity — the strategy that returned him to cabinet rank in 1987. (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus)
For researchers: his Foreign Affairs service belongs to the Aquino administration (1987–1992), not the Ramos era — under Ramos he held the PNOC chairmanship and the Lakas–NUCD leadership — and his 1961 figures should be cited from the Senate election record, not recomputed from presidential totals. (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus, Wikipedia — 1961 Senate election)

Security and Safety Measures

The wartime record: the Fort Santiago torture survived in his twenties and the “Voice of Freedom” broadcasts mark the personal risk carried by the generation that entered postwar politics — credentials that later protected the reform circle’s credibility. (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus)
Exile as survival: caught abroad in 1972, he remained in exile fourteen years — the documented choice of a politician who would otherwise have joined the detentions this wiki’s Bantayog ng mga Bayani and Proclamation No. 1081 entries record. (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus, Wikipedia — Bantayog ng mga Bayani)
The 1987 resignation sequence: he resigned his new Senate seat on October 9, 1987 to assume the Foreign Affairs portfolio on October 15 — the constitutional separation observed rather than offices accumulated, six days apart. (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus)
For researchers: keep the 1957 third parties distinct — his Progressive Party of the Philippines is not Claro M. Recto’s Nationalist Citizens’ Party, founded the same year by different men from a different split, this wiki’s Claro M. Recto entry documents the latter. (Wikipedia — Progressive Party of the Philippines)

Historical Context

Manglapus belonged to the Ateneo generation that passed from prewar oratory into wartime service and thence into the Magsaysay reform circle. The 1939 summa cum laude graduate whose “In Defense of the Tao” had drawn Quezon to the audience, the Voice of Freedom broadcaster tortured at Fort Santiago, the witness aboard the Missouri — by 1953 he was prominent enough that the Magsaysay for President Movement made him its organizer and its composer, and “Mambo Magsaysay” carried the volunteer draft campaign of that year into political marketing history. Magsaysay’s death at Manunggal in 1957 orphaned the reform circle; the “cold treatment” its members received from the Garcia wing drove Manglapus and Manahan out of the Nacionalistas and into the new Progressive Party. (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus, Wikipedia — Mambo Magsaysay, Wikipedia — Progressive Party of the Philippines)

The party’s arc fixed his: defeat in 1957 as a Progressive Senate candidate and again in 1959 in the Grand Alliance, then the 1961 arrangement with the Liberals that made him the poll’s top vote-getter and a senator for six years. The break with the Macapagal administration produced the renamed Party for Philippine Progress and the 1965 “Third Force” presidency campaign — 5.17 percent, third place, strength in the cities and the young — after which he crossed to the Liberals, left them in 1968 to found the Christian Democratic Socialist Movement, and built the NUCD. Martial law made him a fourteen-year exile and organizer of the MFP; 1986 restored him; 1987 gave him a Senate seat he resigned for Foreign Affairs, where he served to the end of the Aquino presidency; and the Ramos years made him a party chairman and PNOC head before his death on July 25, 1999, the year the Bantayog engraved his name. (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus, Wikipedia — 1965 election, Wikipedia — Bantayog ng mga Bayani)

Challenges and Controversies

How Much the Jingle Won

“Mambo Magsaysay” is “credited in some quarters as aiding immensely” in the 1953 landslide — a qualification the sources keep: the jingle pioneer’s influence is argued from the result, while the election’s decisive forces included the exhausted Liberal machine and the Magsaysay phenomenon itself. (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus, Wikipedia — Mambo Magsaysay)

The 1961 Guest-Candidacy Bargain

The seats that made him a senator were won on the Liberal line — the Progressives backing Macapagal for president in exchange for guest slots — an arrangement debated then and since as either the only realistic route for reformers into the chamber or the subordination of party identity to expediency; the party dissolved within eight years. (Wikipedia — Progressive Party of the Philippines)

The Third Force’s Ceiling

The 1965 campaign — 5.17 percent against Marcos and Macapagal, with surprising strength in the larger cities and among young voters — remains the standing exhibit of the reformist third force’s ceiling in a two-party race, the analytical question this wiki’s Manuel Manahan entry records for the same party. (Wikipedia — Progressive Party of the Philippines, Wikipedia — 1965 election)

A Composer in Statecraft

The same man wrote Ateneo’s “Blue Eagle the King,” performed for a pope at the Vatican, and held the Foreign Affairs portfolio through the 1991 bases-treaty rejection — a range that invites both celebration and the question of which craft served which office; the record documents the careers side by side without merging them. (Wikipedia — Raul Manglapus, Wikipedia — Lorenzo Tañada)