Wiki Philippines

Government

Articles and references related to Government.

631 entries categorized under Government

Topic Directory 631 entries

Philippine Assembly elections of 1907 · First Philippine Assembly elections

The 1907 Philippine Assembly elections, held on July 30, 1907, were the first nationwide elections in Philippine history and the…

1934 ConCon delegate election · Philippine Constitutional Convention election, 1934 — the alias recorded in its authority data

The 1934 Constitutional Convention election, held on July 10, 1934, was the special election that chose the 202 delegates to…

Commonwealth Constitution · 1935 Constitution

The 1935 Constitution of the Philippines is the charter that established the Commonwealth of the Philippines and went on to…

September 16, 1935 election — the date-based short form used in Philippine historiography · The 1935 national elections — the presidential, vice-presidential, and Assembly contests held together

The 1935 Philippine presidential election was the national election held on September 16, 1935 — dated September 17 in a…

November 11, 1941 election — the date-based short form used in Philippine historiography · The 1941 general election — the presidential, vice-presidential, Senate, House, and local contests held together

The 1941 Philippine presidential election was the national election held on November 11, 1941 — twenty-seven days before the Japanese…

1943 Constitution of the Philippines — the formal styling used by reference works and this wiki's sister entries · Constitution of the Second Philippine Republic — the descriptive designation in constitutional historiography

The 1943 Constitution was the charter of the Japanese-sponsored Second Philippine Republic — the second constitution in Philippine history, drafted…

The 1943 National Assembly selection — the descriptive styling that avoids the word "election" · The KALIBAPI election of 1943 — the styling after its sole franchised organization

The 1943 Philippine Legislative Election — the selection of September 20, 1943, by which the Japanese occupation's sole legal organization,…

April 23, 1946 election — the date-based short form used in Philippine historiography · 1946 national elections — the presidential contest was held together with the vice-presidential and legislative elections

The 1946 Philippine presidential election was the national election held on April 23, 1946, in which Manuel Roxas, candidate of…

1949 Philippine general election · The 1949 "dirty election"

The 1949 Philippine presidential election was held on November 8, 1949, to elect the President and Vice President of the…

1951 Philippine senatorial election · 1951 midterm Senate election

The 1951 Philippine Senate Election — held on November 13, 1951, at the midpoint of President Elpidio Quirino's term —…

1953 Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections — the combined official framing of the November 10, 1953 exercise · 1953 Philippine national elections — the simultaneous presidential, vice-presidential, Senate, and House contests

The 1953 Philippine Presidential Election — held on November 10, 1953, simultaneously with the vice-presidential, Senate, and House of Representatives…

1953 Philippine senatorial election · The November 10, 1953 Senate contest — the Senate leg of the 1953 national elections

The 1953 Philippine Senate election was held on November 10, 1953, on the same day as the presidential, vice-presidential, and…

1957 national elections — the presidential, vice-presidential, Senate, and House balloting of November 12, 1957 · The 1957 plurality election — the retrospective styling after its first-in-kind result

The 1957 Philippine Presidential Election was the quadrennial national election held on November 12, 1957 — the sixth presidential election…

1957 senatorial election · November 1957 Senate election

The 1957 Philippine Senate election was held on November 12, 1957, in tandem with the presidential, vice-presidential, and local elections…

1961 national elections — the presidential, vice-presidential, and Senate balloting of November 14, 1961 · The Macapagal victory of 1961 — the popular shorthand for the 55.05 percent verdict

The 1961 Philippine Presidential Election — held on November 14, 1961, simultaneously with the vice-presidential and Senate elections — was…

The 1961 Senate elections — the plural styling of the eight-seat contest · The Senate race of the 1961 national elections — its place in the November 14, 1961 presidential, vice-presidential, and senatorial balloting

The 1961 Philippine Senate election was held on November 14, 1961, the same day as the presidential election that carried…

November 9, 1965 election — the date-based short form · The 1965 national elections — the presidential, vice-presidential, Senate, and House contests held together

The 1965 Philippine presidential election was the national election held on November 9, 1965 — the eighth election of a…

9th Philippine presidential election · November 11, 1969 national elections (presidential and vice-presidential contests)

The 1969 Philippine presidential election was held on November 11, 1969 — the ninth presidential election of the Philippines —…

ConCon 1971 — the common Philippine shorthand · The 1971 ConCon — the dated styling of the martial-law literature

The 1971 Constitutional Convention (formally the Constitutional Convention of 1971) was the constituent assembly elected to replace the 1935 Constitution…

The November 8, 1971 senatorial election — the dated styling · The 1971 midterm election — the mid-term designation in Marcos's second term

The 1971 Philippine Senate election was the midterm senatorial election held on November 8, 1971 — the midterm of President…

1973 Philippine Constitution · Marcos Constitution

The 1973 Constitution was the charter of the Philippines in force from January 17, 1973 to March 25, 1986 —…

1978 Philippine parliamentary election — the standard reference styling · 1978 Interim Batasang Pambansa election — the designation tying the vote to the transitional body

The 1978 Batasang Pambansa Election, the balloting of April 7, 1978 (with the sectoral election of April 27, 1978), was…

1981 presidential election — the common short form · The June 16, 1981 election — the date styling of contemporary reporting

The 1981 Philippine Presidential Election, held on June 16, 1981, was the first presidential election in twelve years — the…

1984 Batasang Pambansa election — the common Philippine styling · May 14, 1984 elections — the date styling used in contemporary reporting

The 1984 Philippine Parliamentary Election, held on May 14, 1984, was the second and last parliamentary election of the martial-law…

1986 Philippine presidential election · 1986 snap election

The 1986 snap presidential election was the special election for President and Vice President of the Philippines held on February…

Constitution of the Philippines — the formal title under which the charter is published and cited · 1987 Philippine Constitution — the date-tagged styling in legal literature

The 1987 Constitution (Filipino: Saligang Batas ng 1987) is the supreme law of the Philippines — the charter drafted by…

February 2, 1987 plebiscite · Plebiscite on the 1987 Constitution

The 1987 Constitutional Plebiscite was the national referendum held on February 2, 1987, in which Filipino voters ratified the 1987…

May 11, 1987 elections — the simultaneous congressional polls · 1987 Philippine House of Representatives elections — the House half of the contest

The 1987 Philippine legislative elections were held on May 11, 1987 — the first legislative elections since the 1984 Batasang…

1987 Philippine senatorial election · May 1987 Senate election

The 1987 Philippine Senate election was the nationwide at-large election of all twenty-four senators held on Monday, May 11, 1987…

December 1989 coup attempt · 1989 coup d'état attempt

The 1989 Philippine coup attempt (December 1–9, 1989) was the bloodiest and most serious of the coup attempts mounted against…

1992 national and local elections · 1992 synchronized elections

The 1992 Philippine presidential election was held on May 11, 1992 as part of the first synchronized national and local…

2004 Philippine general election · 2004 national and local elections

The 2004 Philippine Presidential Election — held on May 10, 2004, simultaneously with the vice-presidential, legislative, and local elections —…

Batasan bombing · Batasang Pambansa bombing

The 2007 Batasang Pambansa bombing was the detonation, at 8:15 p.m. on November 13, 2007, of a bomb concealed in…

2010 national and local elections · May 2010 elections

The 2010 Philippine presidential election was the 15th presidential election of the Philippines, held on May 10, 2010 as part…

2016 Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections — the combined framing of the two national contests on one ballot · 2016 national and local elections — the synchronized exercise covering president, vice president, 12 senators, the House, and local posts

The 2016 Philippine Presidential Election — held on May 9, 2016, simultaneously with the vice-presidential, Senate, House, and local elections…

2019 Philippine general election · 2019 National and Local Elections

The 2019 Philippine midterm elections — held on Monday, May 13, 2019 — were the synchronized national and local elections…

2022 Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections — the combined framing of the two national contests on one ballot · 2022 national and local elections — the synchronized exercise covering president, vice president, 12 senators, the House, and local posts

The 2022 Philippine Presidential Election — held on May 9, 2022, simultaneously with the vice-presidential, Senate, House, and local elections…

2025 Philippine midterm election · 2025 national and local elections

The 2025 Philippine general election, held on May 12, 2025, was the midterm national and local election of the Fifth…

SONA 2025 · Fourth State of the Nation Address of President Bongbong Marcos

The 2025 State of the Nation Address was the fourth State of the Nation Address (SONA) of President Ferdinand "Bongbong"…

Twentieth Congress of the Philippines · 20th Congress

The 20th Congress of the Philippines is the current legislature of the Philippines — the bicameral Congress of the Fifth…

Third Congress of the Philippines · Third Congress

The 3rd Congress of the Philippines (also the Third Congress of the Philippines) was the third peacetime legislature of the…

BP 344 · Batas Pambansa Bilang 344

The Accessibility Law, officially enacted as Batas Pambansa Bilang 344 (BP 344), is a landmark Philippine statute passed on February…

The Judiciary Act of 1901 — the customary short name in Philippine legal history · An Act Providing for the Organization of Courts in the Philippine Islands — the formal long title

Act No. 136 — formally "An Act Providing for the Organization of Courts in the Philippine Islands," enacted by the…

Revised Administrative Code of 1987 · Executive Order No. 292

The Administrative Code of 1987 is Executive Order No. 292, promulgated on July 25, 1987 and captioned "Instituting the 'Administrative…

Republic Act No. 7898 · RA 7898

The AFP Modernization Act is the short title of Republic Act No. 7898, "An Act Providing for the Modernization of…

air shed · air basin

An airshed is a geographic area in which local topography and meteorology limit the dispersion of pollutants away from the…

Alan Peter Schramm Cayetano · Alan Cayetano

Alan Peter Cayetano (born October 28, 1970, in Mandaluyong; full name Alan Peter Schramm Cayetano) is a Filipino politician serving…

General Alejo S. Santos — the styling carried from the guerrilla rank into politics and the memorials · Alejo de los Santos de los Santos — birth name, as recorded in his biography

Alejo Santos (July 17, 1911 – February 18, 1984) — born Alejo de los Santos de los Santos in Barangay…

Alyansa · Alliance for a New Philippines

The Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas ("Alliance for a New Philippines"), commonly shortened to Alyansa, was the administration electoral coalition…

The American period — the common Philippine styling · American colonization of the Philippines — an alias carried by the standard reference item

The American Colonial Period is the standard name for the era of American rule in the Philippines — the half-century…

presidential amnesty · general amnesty

Amnesties in the Philippines are the exercises of the presidential amnesty power under Article VII, Section 19 of the 1987…

Republic Act No. 12022 · RA 12022

The Anti-Agricultural Economic Sabotage Act is the popular name of Republic Act No. 12022, approved September 26, 2024 and signed…

Republic Act No. 10845 (the statutory citation) · RA 10845

The Anti-Agricultural Smuggling Act of 2016 is the short title of Republic Act No. 10845, approved May 23, 2016 —…

Republic Act No. 10913 · RA 10913

The Anti-Distracted Driving Act (ADDA) is the short title of Republic Act No. 10913, officially "An Act Defining and Penalizing…

Commonwealth Act No. 108 · CA 108

The Anti-Dummy Law is the short title of Commonwealth Act No. 108, formally "An Act to Punish Acts of Evasion…

Republic Act No. 8752 · RA 8752

The Anti-Dumping Act is the short title of Republic Act No. 8752, officially "An Act Providing the Rules for the…

RA 3019 · Republic Act No. 3019

The Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act (Republic Act No. 3019) is the Philippines' principal anti-corruption statute, approved on August 17,…

AMLC

The Anti-Money Laundering Council (abbreviation AMLC) is the government instrumentality that serves as the Philippines' financial intelligence unit and the…

Republic Act No. 1700 · RA 1700

The Anti-Subversion Act of 1957 is the short title of Republic Act No. 1700, "An Act to Outlaw the Communist…

ATC · Anti-Terrorism Council of the Philippines

The Anti-Terrorism Council (ATC) is the inter-agency body created by Section 45 of the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020 (Republic Act…

Nene Pimentel — the familiar name by which his DBpedia and press record identify him · Aquilino Q. Pimentel Jr. — the library-catalog form of his name

Aquilino "Nene" Pimentel Jr. (December 11, 1933 – October 20, 2019) was a Filipino lawyer and politician from Misamis Oriental…

AFP · Armed Forces of the Philippines

The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) is the unified military organization of the Philippines, comprising three major services —…

Arturo "Ka Turing" Modesto Tolentino · Arturo M. Tolentino

Arturo Modesto Tolentino (September 19, 1910 – August 2, 2004), known as Ka Turing, was a Filipino statesman, legislator, and…

ACCSQ · ASEAN Consultative Committee on Standards and Quality (full formal name)

The ASEAN Consultative Committee on Standards and Quality (ACCSQ) is the ASEAN sectoral body responsible for standards, technical regulations, and…

AFTA — the standard acronym · CEPT-AFTA — the styling of the 1992 agreement and scheme in the Philippine tariff record

The ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) is the tariff-liberalization regime of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, established when the…

AHP · ASEAN Heritage Park (singular designation)

ASEAN Heritage Parks (AHP) are protected areas of high conservation importance designated by the member states of the Association of…

AMRSP · Association of Major Religious Superiors in the Philippines

The Association of Major Religious Superiors — fully the Association of Major Religious Superiors in the Philippines (AMRSP) — was…

ASEAN — the standard acronym · Association of Southeast Asian Nations — the full styling, also the Wikidata alias of Q7768

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is the regional intergovernmental organization of Southeast Asia, established on August 8, 1967…

August 28, 1987 coup attempt — the single-day styling of the main fighting · The August 1987 RAM coup — the designation tying the attempt to its movement

The August 1987 Philippine coup attempt — the fighting of August 28, 1987, in a sequence running from the night…

Bago, Negros Occidental · City of Bago

Bago, officially the City of Bago, is a component city in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. Located immediately south…

Baldo — the family nickname of his childhood · Baldomero Aguinaldo y Baloy — the patronymic styling, from his parents Cipriano Aguinaldo y Jamir and Silveria Baloy

Baldomero Aguinaldo (born February 27, 1869 at Cavite el Viejo, now Kawit, Cavite; died February 4, 1915 at Malate, Manila)…

barrio

A barangay is the smallest political and administrative unit of government in the Philippines — the village-and-neighborhood tier below the…

Bases Conversion Program · BCDA

Bases Conversion in the Philippines refers to the statutory process of transforming former military bases and military reservations into productive…

BCDA · Bases Conversion and Development Authority

The Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA) is a Philippine government-owned and controlled corporation (GOCC) created under Republic Act No.…

BNPP — the standard initials of Philippine energy policy · The Morong nuclear plant — the locational styling

The Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP) is the 621-megawatt Westinghouse pressurized-water reactor built by the National Power Corporation on a…

BP Blg. 883 · BP 883

Batas Pambansa Blg. 883 is the statute enacted by the Batasang Pambansa and approved on December 3, 1985, officially titled…

Batasan Bayan — the spelling used in the text of Presidential Decree No. 995 itself · Legislative Advisory Council — the decree's formal description of the body

The Batasang Bayan (as spelled in Presidential Decree No. 995, "Batasan Bayan") was the all-appointive legislative advisory council created by…

The Batasan — the common short form, applied to both the legislature and its building · Interim Batasang Pambansa (IBP) — the 1978–1984 body

The Batasang Pambansa (English: "National Legislature") was the unicameral legislature of the Philippines under the 1973 Constitution, sitting from 1978…

The Batasan — the common short form, applied to the building as to the parliament it housed · Batasan Complex — the abbreviated everyday styling in Philippine news usage

The Batasang Pambansa Complex is the legislative building complex on Batasan Road in Batasan Hills, Quezon City — the seat…

Nation First

Bayan Muna (literally "Nation First") is a Philippine party-list organization founded on September 25, 1999, contesting elections under the party-list…

Bayan (Bagong Alyansyang Makabayan) v. Zamora — full caption · The VFA cases — the consolidated petitions

Bayan v. Zamora — formally Bayan (Bagong Alyansyang Makabayan) v. Executive Secretary Ronaldo Zamora, G.R. No. 138570, decided by the…

Republic Act No. 11494 · RA 11494

The Bayanihan to Recover as One Act is the short title of Republic Act No. 11494, officially "An Act Providing…

The Pork Barrel Case · The PDAF unconstitutionality ruling

Belgica v. Ochoa (G.R. No. 208566, decided November 19, 2013) is a decision of the Supreme Court of the Philippines…

Philippine Trade Act of 1946 — the act's official United States title · Philippine Trade Act — the short form of the official title

The Bell Trade Act of 1946 — officially the Philippine Trade Act of 1946, Public Law 371 of the 79th…

McKinley's proclamation of December 21, 1898 — the documentary designation · The Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation — the capitalized styling in Philippine textbooks

Benevolent Assimilation is the name given to President William McKinley's proclamation of December 21, 1898 on the government of the…

Benhur K. Luy · Principal whistleblower of the pork barrel scam (press designation)

Benhur Luy (full name Benhur K. Luy) is a Filipino whistleblower, formerly the personal assistant and finance officer of businesswoman…

Benigno Simeon Aquino III · Noynoy Aquino — the nickname by which he was universally known

Benigno Aquino III (Benigno Simeon "Noynoy" Cojuangco Aquino III; February 8, 1960 – June 24, 2021) was a Filipino politician…

Senator Ninoy Aquino · Ninoy

Benigno Simeon Aquino Jr. (November 27, 1932 – August 21, 1983), universally known as Ninoy Aquino, was a Filipino politician,…

Benigno Aquino Sr. · Benigno Aquino, Sr. — the comma styling of the reference works

Benigno Simeón Aquino y Quiambao (September 3, 1894 – December 20, 1947), known as Benigno S. Aquino Sr., was a…

BAC — the universal Philippine government abbreviation · Committee on Bids and Awards (in some agency orders and older issuances)

The Bids and Awards Committee (BAC) is the standing committee that every Philippine government procuring entity must create to run…

Republic Act No. 9367 · RA 9367

The Biofuels Act of 2006, officially Republic Act No. 9367 — "An Act to Direct the Use of Biofuels, Establishing…

Blas F. Ople (full name with middle name Fajardo) · Blas Fajardo Ople

Blas Fajardo Ople (February 3, 1927, Hagonoy, Bulacan – December 14, 2003) was a Filipino journalist, labor statesman, legislator, and…

Faustino Dy III · Faustino De Guzman Dy III

Bojie Dy, born Faustino De Guzman Dy III on August 31, 1961, is a Filipino politician serving as the 29th…

BBM · Build Better More (BBM) Program — official program styling

The Build Better More Program (BBM) is the infrastructure program of the administration of President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. (2022–2028), which…

Republic Act No. 6957 · RA 6957

The Build-Operate-Transfer Law is the Philippine statute that first authorized private-sector financing, construction, operation, and maintenance of infrastructure projects —…

Bukidnon · Province of Bukidnon

Bukidnon Province, officially the Province of Bukidnon, is a landlocked province in the Northern Mindanao region of the Philippines. Known…

BuCor — the standard acronym · Bureau of Prisons — its name from 1905 to 1989

The Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) is the agency of the Department of Justice charged with the custody and rehabilitation of…

BOC · Bureau of Customs

The Bureau of Customs (BOC) is the Philippine government agency responsible for customs administration — assessing and collecting duties and…

BFP · Bureau of Fire Protection of the Philippines

The Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) is the national fire service of the Philippines — the agency responsible for fire…

BFAR · Bureau of Fisheries (historical, 1947–1963 and 1972–1974)

The Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) is a staff bureau of the Department of Agriculture (DA) of the…

BI · Philippine Bureau of Immigration

The Bureau of Immigration (BI) (Filipino: Kawanihan ng Imigrasyon) is the immigration and deportation law-enforcement agency of the Philippines —…

BJMP · Bureau of Jail Management and Penology of the Philippines

The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) is the Philippine government agency responsible for the custody, safekeeping, and rehabilitation…

Republic Act No. 4109 · BPS

The Bureau of Philippine Standards (BPS or DTI-BPS) is the national standards body (NSB) of the Philippines, operating as a…

BPW · Insular Bureau of Public Works

The Bureau of Public Works was the infrastructure agency of the American colonial Insular Government of the Philippine Islands —…

The Calleja v. Executive Secretary consolidation is the constitutional challenge to the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020 (Republic Act No. 11479),…

Camp General Emilio Aguinaldo — the formal designation · Camp Murphy — the 1935–1965 name, after High Commissioner Frank Murphy

Camp Aguinaldo (Camp General Emilio Aguinaldo) is the site of the General Headquarters (GHQ) of the Armed Forces of the…

Camp General Rafael T. Crame — the formal designation · PNP National Headquarters — the functional styling

Camp Crame (Camp General Rafael T. Crame) is the national headquarters of the Philippine National Police (PNP), the country's civilian…

CDP · Car Development Program (1987)

The Car Development Program (CDP) was the Philippine automotive industrial program established in 1987 under President Corazon C. Aquino to…

CES — the standard abbreviation · Third level of the Philippine civil service

The Career Executive Service (CES) is the third level of the Philippine career service — in the Career Executive Service…

CESB · Career Executive Service Board

The Career Executive Service Board (CESB) is the governing body of the Career Executive Service (CES) — the third level…

CSE · Civil Service Examination

The Career Service Examination (CSE) is the Philippine government's merit examination administered by the Civil Service Commission (CSC) to determine…

Carlos Polestico Garcia — full name · President Garcia

Carlos P. Garcia (Carlos Polestico Garcia; November 4, 1896, Talibon, Bohol – June 14, 1971, Quezon City) was a Filipino…

Carlos Peña Romulo — full name · General Romulo — the wartime rank by which he was widely styled thereafter

Carlos P. Romulo (Carlos Peña Romulo; born January 14, 1898 or 1899 — the references divide, and both years appear…

Cayetano Simplicio Arellano y Lonzón — the full Spanish-style name carried in the Library of Congress heading · Chief Justice Arellano — the styling of his two decades on the bench

Cayetano Arellano (Cayetano Simplicio Arellano y Lonzón; March 2, 1847, Udyong, now Orion, Bataan – December 23, 1920, Manila) was…

Justice Cecilia Muñoz-Palma · Cecilia Arreglado Muñoz-Palma — full name

Cecilia Arreglado Muñoz-Palma (November 22, 1913, Bauan, Batangas – January 2, 2006, Quezon City) was a Filipino jurist, the first…

CPC (the standard Philippine transport-industry abbreviation) · Certificate of public convenience and necessity (CPCN, required when a law or franchise so provides)

A Certificate of Public Convenience (CPC) is the Philippine franchise instrument that authorizes a person or company to operate a…

Cesar Bengzon · César Fernando Bengzon y Cabrera

César Fernando Bengzon y Cabrera (May 29, 1896, Camiling, Tarlac – September 3, 1992) was a Filipino jurist, the ninth…

Cesar P. Nazareno · Cesar Pardo Nazareno

Cesar Pardo Nazareno (December 5, 1940 – October 30, 2006) was a Filipino police officer and constabulary general — the…

Cesar E. A. Virata — the initialled citation form carried in library authority records · Cesar Enrique Aguinaldo Virata — full name

Cesar Virata (Cesar Enrique Aguinaldo Virata; born December 12, 1930, Kawit, Cavite — living, aged 95 as of 2026) is…

RA 9502 · Republic Act No. 9502

The Cheaper Medicines Act is the popular name of Republic Act No. 9502, officially "An Act Providing for Cheaper and…

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines — the fuller styling carried in the authority records · CJ — the customary Philippine shorthand in legal citation and journalism

The Chief Justice of the Philippines is the head of the Supreme Court and of the Philippine judiciary — the…

Republic Act No. 11229 · RA 11229

The Child Safety in Motor Vehicles Act is the short title of Republic Act No. 11229, signed by President Rodrigo…

Francis Escudero · Francis Joseph Guevara Escudero

Chiz Escudero — Francis Joseph Guevara Escudero, born October 10, 1969, in Manila — is a Filipino politician and lawyer,…

Claro Mayo Recto Jr. — his full name, the elder Recto's namesake · Don Claro Recto — the honorific styling of his Senate years

Claro Mayo Recto (February 8, 1890, Tiáong, Tayabas, now Quezon – October 2, 1960, Rome, Italy) was a Filipino lawyer,…

Republic Act No. 8749 · RA 8749

The Clean Air Act, officially the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (Republic Act No. 8749), is the statute "providing…

Republic Act No. 9275 · RA 9275

The Clean Water Act, officially the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (Republic Act No. 9275), is the statute "providing…

Republic Act No. 9729 · RA 9729

The Climate Change Act, officially the Climate Change Act of 2009 (Republic Act No. 9729), is the statute "mainstreaming climate…

CCC

The Climate Change Commission (CCC) is the lead policy-making body of the Philippine government on climate change, created by Section…

Colorum vehicle — the phrase this wiki's UV Express entry uses for the unfranchised van · Colorum operation / franchise-less operation — the practice rather than the vehicle

Colorum is the Philippine English term for a public transport vehicle that operates without a franchise — or in violation…

Commission on Appointments of the Philippines · CA (standard abbreviation in Philippine political reporting)

The Commission on Appointments (CA) is the constitutional commission of the Philippines that confirms, rejects, or withholds action on certain…

COA · Commission on Audit

The Commission on Audit (COA) is the supreme auditing agency of the Philippines, an independent constitutional commission established under Article…

COMELEC · Commission on Elections

The Commission on Elections (COMELEC) is one of the three constitutional commissions of the Philippines (alongside the Commission on Audit…

CHR — the standard Philippine abbreviation · Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines — the international-style styling

The Commission on Human Rights (CHR) is the independent constitutional office that the 1987 Constitution ordains in Article XIII, Section…

Common-Use Supplies · Common-Use Supplies and Equipment (CSE)

Common-Use Supplies and Equipment (CUSE) is the category of ordinary goods that every Philippine government agency consumes in its day-to-day…

Philippine Commonwealth — the common English styling of the 1935–1946 government · Komonwelt ng Pilipinas — the Filipino form of the name

The Commonwealth of the Philippines was the ten-year transitional government that administered the Philippines from its inauguration on November 15,…

Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP) — original and official name · Communist Party of the Philippines — the pre-1968 bearer of this English name

The Communist Party of the Philippines (PKP-1930) — in Filipino, Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP), the name under which it…

Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas · Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP) — original and official name

The Communist Party of the Philippines (PKP-1930) — in Filipino, Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP), the name under which it…

CARL · Republic Act No. 6657

The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL), officially designated as Republic Act No. 6657, is a landmark social justice legislation in…

Philippine Congress · Kongreso ng Pilipinas — the Filipino styling in official usage

The Congress of the Philippines (Filipino: Kongreso ng Pilipinas) is the national legislature of the Philippines, the bicameral body established…

1987 Constitution of the Philippines · Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas

The Constitution of the Philippines is the supreme law of the Republic of the Philippines. The country has operated under…

ConCom — the standard abbreviation in Philippine constitutional literature · 1986 Constitutional Commission — the date-tagged form distinguishing it from the 1934 and 1971 conventions

The Constitutional Commission of 1986 (ConCom) was the body of 48 appointed members convened by President Corazon C. Aquino on…

Republic Act No. 7394 · RA 7394 / R.A. 7394

The Consumer Act of the Philippines is the short title of Republic Act No. 7394, a statute of the Eighth…

Contempt of the legislature · Legislative contempt

Contempt of Congress in the Philippines is the coercive discipline the legislature may impose on persons who defy its power…

continental shelf

The continental shelf is, in the law of the sea, the zone of seabed and subsoil defined by Part VI…

CDA

The Cooperative Development Authority (CDA) is the Philippine government agency responsible for the registration, regulation, and development of cooperatives. It…

Batas Pambansa Blg. 68 · BP Blg. 68

The Corporation Code of the Philippines is the short title of Batas Pambansa Blg. 68, approved on May 1, 1980…

CIW · Women's prison in Mandaluyong

The Correctional Institution for Women (CIW) is the principal women's prison of the Philippines, operated by the Bureau of Corrections…

Graft and corruption — the standard Philippine legal-administrative phrase · Political corruption in the Philippines — the scholarly framing

Corruption in the Philippines is the abuse of public office for private gain as it has recurred through Philippine political…

Republic Act No. 8751 · RA 8751

Countervailing duties are anti-subsidy import duties — levies imposed, after investigation, on products whose foreign producers receive government subsidies, in…

Court of Appeals · Court of Appeals (CA)

The Court of Appeals of the Philippines (CA) is the second-highest judicial tribunal of the Philippines and the country's intermediate…

CTA (standard abbreviation) · Court of Tax Appeals of the Philippines (Wikidata designation)

The Court of Tax Appeals (CTA) is the Philippines' specialized court of exclusive jurisdiction over tax and customs cases —…

COVID-19 in the Philippines (common short form) · Pandemya ng COVID-19 sa Pilipinas (Filipino)

The COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines is the national epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, that…

Republic Act No. 11534 · RA 11534

The CREATE Act — the Corporate Recovery and Tax Incentives for Enterprises Act, Republic Act No. 11534 — is the…

Cruz v. Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources (full caption form) · Cruz v. Secretary of DENR, G.R. No. 135385

Cruz v. Secretary of DENR (G.R. No. 135385, December 6, 2000) is the en banc Supreme Court resolution that disposed…

CMTA (statutory abbreviation from Section 100) · Republic Act No. 10863

The Customs Modernization and Tariff Act (CMTA) is Republic Act No. 10863, "An Act Modernizing the Customs and Tariff Administration,"…

RA 10175 · Cybercrime Prevention Act

The Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 (Republic Act No. 10175) is the principal Philippine statute defining and penalizing offenses committed…

DDB — the standard abbreviation · Lupon sa Mapanganib na Droga — the Filipino designation

The Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB; Filipino: Lupon sa Mapanganib na Droga) is the Philippine government's policy-making and strategy-formulating body on…

Davao Penal Colony · Dapecol (also styled DaPeCol)

The Davao Prison and Penal Farm, historically the Davao Penal Colony and still widely known by its old abbreviation Dapecol,…

Fact-Finding Commission — the statutory designation under Republic Act No. 6832 · Davide Commission — the popular name drawn from its chairman

The Davide Commission — formally the Fact-Finding Commission created by Republic Act No. 6832, approved January 5, 1990 — was…

Dean Conant Worcester (full name) · Dean Conant Worcester, D.Sc., FRGS (post-nominal form used in the standard reference)

Dean Conant Worcester (October 1, 1866 – May 2, 1924) was an American zoologist, colonial administrator, and author who became…

Del Rosario v. Bengzon (G.R. No. 88265, December 21, 1989) is the Supreme Court of the Philippines decision that upheld…

Partido Democrata Nacional — the Spanish styling, also given as the party's alternative name in the standard account · Nacionalista Democratic Party — the occasional English rendering of the Spanish name

The Democrata Party (Spanish Partido Democrata Nacional, "National Democratic Party") was the minority party of the American-period Philippines — the…

The Democratic Alliance of 1946 — the usage distinguishing it from later parties of the same name · The Huk political party — descriptive renderings in accounts of the rebellion

The Democratic Alliance was a leftist political coalition in the Philippines, created on July 15, 1945 — organized primarily from…

Democratic Party (Philippines) — the disambiguated reference styling · The Democratic Party of 1953 — the dating that distinguishes it from same-name parties

The Democratic Party was the Philippine political party founded on May 29, 1953 by the faction of Ambassador Carlos P.…

DBM · Department of Budget and Management

The Department of Budget and Management (DBM) is the executive department of the Government of the Philippines responsible for the…

DOE · Department of Energy

The Department of Energy (Philippines) (DOE) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for preparing, integrating, and coordinating…

Department of Finance · DOF — the standard initialism

The Department of Finance (DOF) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for the country's fiscal policy, revenue…

DFA · Department of Foreign Affairs

The Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) is the executive department of the Philippine government charged with executing Philippine foreign policy…

DOH Philippines · Department of Health

The Department of Health (DOH) of the Philippines is the principal health-policy and regulatory agency of the Philippine national government.…

DOJ — the standard initialism · Kagawaran ng Katarungan — the Filipino name

The Department of Justice (DOJ) (Filipino: Kagawaran ng Katarungan) is the executive department of the Philippine government that serves as…

DOLE · DOLE Philippines

The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) is the executive department of the Government of the Philippines responsible for labor-market…

DMW (standard initialism) · Kagawaran ng Manggagawang Mandarayuhan (Filipino name)

The Department of Migrant Workers (DMW) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for the protection of overseas…

DOT · DOT Philippines

The Department of Tourism (DOT) is the executive department of the Government of the Philippines responsible for regulating the Philippine…

DOTr · Department of Transportation

The Department of Transportation (DOTr) is the principal transportation policy and regulatory agency of the Philippine national government. It is…

DAP · Development Academy

The Development Academy of the Philippines (DAP) is a Philippine government-owned and controlled corporation that serves as a graduate school…

Diosdado Pangan Macapagal — full name · The Poor Boy from Lubao — the political persona built on his Pampanga childhood

Diosdado Pangan Macapagal (September 28, 1910, Lubao, Pampanga – April 21, 1997, Makati) was a Filipino lawyer, economist, and statesman,…

DRRM · Disaster risk reduction (DRR)

Disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) is the Philippine framework for systematically preventing and reducing disaster risk and for managing…

DAP · DAP funds (usage in budget reporting)

The Disbursement Acceleration Program (DAP) was a spending-prioritization mechanism adopted by the administration of President Benigno S. Aquino III and…

Disini v. Secretary of Justice · Disini v. The Secretary of Justice — the caption in the LawPhil report, used by the E-Library document itself

Disini v. Executive Secretary — the caption under which this wiki indexes the fifteen consolidated petitions that tested the Cybercrime…

RA 9295 — the standard short citation · Republic Act No. 9295

The Domestic Shipping Development Act — formally Republic Act No. 9295, cited as the Domestic Shipping Development Act of 2004…

Double jeopardy is the constitutional guarantee that no person shall be twice prosecuted or punished for the same offense. In…

General MacArthur — the standard Philippine-period styling · General of the Army Douglas MacArthur — the five-star styling under which he signed the Japanese surrender

Douglas MacArthur (January 26, 1880 – April 5, 1964) was an American soldier whose career is inseparable from Philippine history:…

Oil Deregulation Law · Republic Act No. 8479

The Downstream Oil Deregulation Act, officially Republic Act No. 8479 — "An Act Deregulating the Downstream Oil Industry and for…

Drones4Rice Project · Drones4Rice Program

Drones4Rice is a Philippine Department of Agriculture (DA) project that promotes drone-based services — seeding, fertilizer and pesticide application, crop…

Ike · General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower

Dwight D. Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American soldier and statesman who served as Supreme…

Republic Act No. 11032 · RA 11032

The Ease of Doing Business Act — officially the Ease of Doing Business and Efficient Government Service Delivery Act of…

Republic Act No. 9003 · RA 9003

The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, officially Republic Act No. 9003, is the statute "providing for an ecological…

Edgardo J. Angara · Edgardo Javier Angara

Edgardo Javier Angara (September 24, 1934 – May 13, 2018) was a Filipino lawyer, educator, and politician — the founding…

Edmund Hett Sykes — the full name carried in the Manila Railroad Company register · Don Edmundo Sykes — the Hispanicized styling used by the Spanish administration

Edmund Sykes — Edmund Hett Sykes, known to the Spanish administration of the Philippines by the Hispanicized styling Don Edmundo…

EDSA Busway · Route E

The EDSA Carousel is the bus rapid transit-style service operating along the median of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA)…

People Power · People Power Revolution

The EDSA People Power Revolution was the four-day civilian uprising of February 22–25, 1986, centered on Epifanio de los Santos…

Election monitoring in the Philippines · Poll watching in the Philippines

Election observation in the Philippines is the practice — and the set of institutions — by which non-partisan monitors witness…

EPIRA · Electric Power Industry Reform Act of 2001

The Electric Power Industry Reform Act (EPIRA), formally Republic Act No. 9136 — "An Act ordaining reforms in the electric…

Republic Act No. 8792 — statutory designation · RA 8792 — common short form

The Electronic Commerce Act of 2000, formally Republic Act No. 8792 — "An Act Providing for the Recognition and Use…

General Otis — the styling of the Manila command years · Elwell Stephen Otis — his full name

Elwell S. Otis — Elwell Stephen Otis (March 25, 1838, Frederick, Maryland – October 21, 1909, Rochester, New York) —…

Emmanuel Neri Pelaez — full name; born to Gregorio Aguilar Pelaez Sr. and Felipa Vicente Neri of Medina · Vice President Pelaez — the styling of the 1961–1965 term

Emmanuel Pelaez (Emmanuel Neri Pelaez; November 30, 1915, Medina, Misamis Oriental – July 27, 2003, Muntinlupa) was a Filipino lawyer,…

ERC · Energy Regulatory Commission (Philippines)

The Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) is the Philippines' independent, quasi-judicial regulatory body for the electric power industry, created by Section…

EDCA · Agreement Between the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the Government of the United States of America on Enhanced Defense Cooperation (formal title)

The Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) is the framework agreement signed by the Philippines and the United States at Manila…

EMB · DENR-EMB

The Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) is the bureau of the Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) that serves…

The EDSA II legitimacy cases — the consolidated disputes over who lawfully held the presidency after January 20, 2001 · Estrada v. Macapagal-Arroyo — the companion quo warranto caption, G.R. No. 146738

Estrada v. Desierto (G.R. Nos. 146710-15, consolidated with G.R. No. 146738, Estrada v. Macapagal-Arroyo; en banc, March 2, 2001) is…

Eulogio "Amang" Rodriguez Sr. · Eulogio A. Rodriguez Sr.

Eulogio "Amang" Adona Rodriguez Sr. (January 21, 1883 – December 9, 1964), also nicknamed Yoyong and in his later years…

Euro 4/IV emission standards (DENR usage) · Euro 4 vehicle emission standards

Euro 4 Emission Standards are the vehicle-side limit values for carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter that the…

Eva Kalaw — the journalistic short form · Evangelina Reynada Estrada — her birth name

Eva Estrada-Kalaw (Evangelina Reynada Estrada; June 16, 1920, Murcia, Tarlac — a town now part of Concepcion, Tarlac – May…

EEZ · 200-nautical-mile zone

An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is the maritime zone defined by Part V of the United Nations Convention on the…

EO 202 · EO No. 202, s. 1987

Executive Order No. 202 ("Creating the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board") is the executive issuance signed by President Corazon…

Executive Order No. 62, s. 2024 · EO 62

Executive Order No. 62 (s. 2024), titled "Modifying the Nomenclature and Rates of Import Duty on Various Products," was signed…

Extra judicial partition · Extra judicial settlement

An Extrajudicial Settlement of Estate (commonly referred to as an extrajudicial partition) is a legal process in the Philippines through…

Martin Romualdez · Ferdinand Martin G. Romualdez

Ferdinand Martin Gomez Romualdez Sr. (born November 14, 1963, Manila) is a Filipino businessman, lawyer, and politician — the Representative…

Vice President Fernando Lopez — the styling of both national tenures · Senator Fernando Lopez — the styling of his Senate years, 1947–1949 and 1953–1965

Fernando López (April 13, 1904, Jaro, Iloilo City – May 26, 1993, Iloilo City) was a Filipino statesman and businessman…

FPA · Pangasiwaan sa Pataba at Pestisidyo

The Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority (FPA) is the technical regulatory agency of the Philippine Department of Agriculture (DA) responsible for…

President Fidel · President Fidel V. Ramos

Fidel Valdez Ramos (March 18, 1928 – July 31, 2022), commonly known as FVR, was a Filipino military officer and…

The Filipinization policy · Filipinization of the civil service

Filipinization is the policy and broader nationalist process of transferring control of the Philippines' institutions to Filipinos — in its…

Pilipino Muna — the Tagalog rendering used by the administration and its supporters · Filipino First — the short English form universal in the era's journalism

The Filipino First Policy (Tagalog: Pilipino Muna) was the economic-nationalist policy of the administration of Carlos P. Garcia (1957–1961), under…

The 2025 impeachment of Sara Duterte · The fourth impeachment complaint against Sara Duterte

The First impeachment of Sara Duterte was the proceeding in which the House of Representatives of the 19th Congress impeached…

Sigwa ng Unang Kuwarto · Sigwa ng Unang Sangkapat

The First Quarter Storm (Filipino: Sigwa ng Unang Kuwarto; also Sigwa ng Unang Sangkapat) was the wave of student-led demonstrations,…

Republic Act No. 11261 · RA 11261

The First Time Job Seekers Act is the popular name of Republic Act No. 11261, signed by President Rodrigo Roa…

Flood control corruption scandal · Philippines Under Water Senate probe (the Senate Blue Ribbon investigation's name)

The Flood Control Projects Scandal in the Philippines is a corruption controversy concerning billions of pesos in government funding for…

F.B. Harrison — the initials styling carried by the Manila–Pasay–Parañaque boulevard and the Baguio road named for him · Governor-General Harrison — the designation of the insular-government era

Francis Burton Harrison (December 18, 1873, New York City – November 21, 1957, Hunterdon Medical Center, Raritan Township, New Jersey)…

Kiko Pangilinan — the form of his four Senate campaigns · Kiko — the standing nickname

Francis Pangilinan ("Kiko"; born August 24, 1963, Manila; in full Francis Pancratius Nepomuceno Pangilinan) is a Filipino lawyer and politician,…

William Francis Murphy — the full name · Governor-General Murphy — the Philippine Insular Government styling

William Francis "Frank" Murphy (April 13, 1890, Harbor Beach, then Sand Beach, Michigan – July 19, 1949, Detroit) was an…

Republic Act No. 10969 · RA 10969

The Free Irrigation Service Act is Republic Act No. 10969, approved on February 2, 2018 by President Rodrigo Roa Duterte…

FLAG — the standard initialism of Philippine legal and journalistic usage, the name carried in the organization's own data records · The FLAG lawyers — the collective shorthand of the martial-law years

The Free Legal Assistance Group (FLAG) is a nationwide organization of Filipino human-rights lawyers, founded on October 21, 1974 at…

FPIC · Free and Prior Informed Consent (IPRA statutory wording)

Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) is a principle of international human rights law and Philippine statute under which indigenous…

Proclamation No. 3 — the issuance number by which the charter is cited in legal literature · Provisional Constitution of 1986 — the functional description used by the Supreme Court and commentators

The Freedom Constitution was the provisional charter of the Philippines promulgated as Proclamation No. 3 on March 25, 1986 by…

Free speech in the Philippines · Freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press

Freedom of expression in the Philippines is the constitutional guarantee set out in Article III, Section 4 of the 1987…

Euro 4/IV-PH fuel standards · Philippine fuel specifications (PNS/DOE QS)

Fuel Quality Standards in the Philippines are the legally mandated specifications for gasoline, diesel, and blended fuels sold in the…

Partido Ganap de Filipinas — the Spanish-form styling recorded in the 1941 election results ([Wikipedia — 1941 Philippine presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941_Philippine_presidential_election "1941 Philippine presidential election — Wikipedia")) · Ganap — the short form, from the Tagalog word for "complete" ([Wikipedia — Ganap Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganap_Party "Ganap Party — Wikipedia"), [Wiktionary — ganap](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ganap "ganap — Wiktionary"))

The Ganap Party was a prewar Filipino political party of the late Commonwealth period, founded by Benigno Ramos — the…

GAA · National budget (popular usage)

The General Appropriations Act (GAA) is the law that enacts the national budget of the Philippines — the annual statute…

GAO · Office of the Auditor for the Philippine Islands (1899–1901)

The General Auditing Office (GAO) was the Philippines' national audit institution for most of the twentieth century — the constitutional…

The Hero of Manila Bay — the popular American styling after May 1, 1898 · Admiral of the Navy — the unique rank used as his distinguishing title

George Dewey (December 26, 1837, Montpelier, Vermont – January 16, 1917, Washington, D.C.) was an admiral of the United States…

Gerry Roxas · Gerry Roxas — the familiar form by which the standard record itself labels him

Gerardo Roxas — Gerardo Manuel de León Roxas, "Gerry" (born August 25, 1924, Manila; died April 19, 1982, New York…

Gil Montilla y Miranda · Speaker Montilla

Gil Montilla (September 11, 1876, Hinigaran, Negros – July 20, 1946, Bacolod, Negros Occidental), fully Gil Montilla y Miranda, was…

Gil J. Puyat · Gil Juco Puyat Sr.

Gil Juco Puyat Sr. (September 1, 1907 – March 22, 1981) was a Filipino businessman, economist, and politician who served…

GCG · Governance Commission for Government-Owned or -Controlled Corporations

The Governance Commission for GOCCs (GCG) is the central advisory, monitoring, and oversight body for government-owned or -controlled corporations (GOCCs)…

GPPB · Government Procurement Policy Board

The Government Procurement Policy Board (GPPB) is the Philippines' central inter-agency procurement policy body, created by Article XX (Sections 63-64)…

GOCC / GOCCs · Government-owned and/or controlled corporation (statutory variant)

Government-owned and controlled corporations (GOCCs) are the corporate arm of the Philippine state: stock or non-stock corporations, "whether performing governmental…

Governor and Captain-General of the Philippines — the combined civil-military styling of the Spanish record · Capitán General de Filipinas — the formal Spanish-era designation

The Governor-General of the Philippines was the chief executive of the archipelago under two successive colonial regimes — the office…

Mary Grace Poe-Llamanzares · Mary Grace Natividad Poe-Llamanzares

Grace Poe — Mary Grace Natividad S. Poe-Llamanzares, born September 3, 1968 — is a Filipino politician who served two…

Third Agricultural Revolution · Green revolution in agriculture

The Green Revolution, also called the Third Agricultural Revolution, was the worldwide transfer of agricultural technology — semi-dwarf, high-yielding varieties…

Obispo Máximo Gregorio Aglipay — his title as supreme bishop, 1902–1940 · Gregorio Aglipay Cruz y Labayán — full birth name

Gregorio Aglipay (Gregorio Aglipay Cruz y Labayán; born May 5, 1860, in Batac, Ilocos Norte — baptized May 9, and…

Gregorio "Gringo" Honasan II — the standard public styling, after the "Gringo" nickname · Gregorio Ballesteros Honasan II — full name with maternal surname

Gregorio Ballesteros Honasan II (born March 14, 1948, in Baguio), known as Gregorio "Gringo" Honasan II, is the Philippine Military…

Gregorio Melitón Martínez Santa Cruz · Gregorio Martínez

Gregorio Melitón Martínez (in full Gregorio Melitón Martínez Santa Cruz; born March 10, 1815, Pradoluengo, Burgos, Spain – died October…

GRP-NDFP peace talks · GRP-NDFP negotiations

The GRP-NDFP Peace Negotiations are the on-again, off-again peace talks between the Government of the Republic of the Philippines (GRP,…

The great writ · Writ of liberty

Habeas corpus — Latin for "you shall have the body" — is the judicial writ long called the "great writ"…

HHC Act — the standard abbreviation · Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law — a variant styling carried in the Filipino-language literature

The Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act (chapter 11, 47 Stat. 761) is the United States statute that became law when Congress passed it…

Chief Justice Hilario Davide Jr. — the styling of his seven years at the head of the court · Hilario G. Davide Jr. — the form carried in the Library of Congress name authority and the Magsaysay Award citation

Hilario Gelbolingo Davide Jr. (born December 20, 1935, Barangay Colawin, Argao, Cebu) is a Filipino lawyer, constitutionalist, professor, and diplomat…

Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board · Human Settlements Commission (historical predecessor)

The Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) was a government agency in the Philippines responsible for regulating land use,…

Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan — the Filipino styling in official usage · The Lower House — the chamber's designation in the Constitution's bicameral Congress

The House of Representatives of the Philippines (Filipino: Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan) is the lower chamber of the Congress of…

HNP · Alliance for Change

Hugpong ng Pagbabago (HNP; "Alliance for Change") is a regional political party based in the Davao Region of the Philippines,…

HSTL · HTL

Hugpong sa Tawong Lungsod — literally "alliance of the city people" and commonly called Hugpong — is a local political…

Huk rebellion · Huk insurrection

The Hukbalahap Rebellion (1942–1954) is the conventional name for the rural insurrection in the Philippines that grew out of the…

Human Rights Violations Victims Claims Board · HRVCB

The Human Rights Victims Claims Board (HRVCB) was the quasi-judicial body created by Republic Act No. 10368, the Human Rights…

Republic Act No. 9372 · RA 9372

The Human Security Act of 2007 is the short title of Republic Act No. 9372, the Philippines' first statute to…

Imelda Romualdez Marcos · Iron Butterfly

Imelda Marcos (born Imelda Remedios Visitación Trinidad Romuáldez on 2 July 1929 in San Miguel, Manila) is a Filipino politician…

Impeachment is the constitutional process by which the Philippine Congress may remove the highest officials of the state — the…

Erap impeachment — the common press shorthand · Estrada impeachment trial — the Senate proceeding itself

The impeachment of Joseph Estrada was the proceeding in which the House of Representatives of the 11th Congress impeached Joseph…

Corona impeachment · Renato Corona impeachment

The impeachment of Renato Corona was the constitutional proceeding by which the House of Representatives impeached Chief Justice Renato Corona…

Inabanga · Municipality of Inabanga

Inabanga, officially the Municipality of Inabanga, is a municipality in the province of Bohol, located within the Central Visayas (Region…

IPRA · IPRA Law

The Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act (officially the Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act of 1997, Republic Act No. 8371) is the principal…

Insular Government of the Philippine Islands — the formal designation · Government of the Philippine Islands — the alternate styling authorized by the 1917 Administrative Code

The Insular Government — formally the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands, and under the 1917 Administrative Code either the…

IC · Insurance Commission of the Philippines

The Insurance Commission (IC) is the agency of the Philippine government that regulates and supervises the country's insurance industry —…

IBP — the standard initialism · The Integrated Bar — the common short designation

The Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) is the official organization of all Filipino lawyers — the mandatory national bar…

INP · Pinagsamang Pulisyáng Pambansà (Filipino)

The Integrated National Police (INP) was the national police force of the Philippines from 1975 to 1991, constituted during the…

Presidential Decree No. 1 (P.D. 1) · IRP of 1972

The Integrated Reorganization Plan (IRP) is a comprehensive administrative reform program enacted in the Philippines through Presidential Decree No. 1…

IBP — the standard abbreviation · The interim Batasan — the common journalistic styling

The Interim Batasang Pambansa (IBP) was the first legislature of the Philippines under the 1973 Constitution — the transitional parliament…

ICJ · World Court

The International Court of Justice (ICJ), commonly the World Court, is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, established…

ICC — the standard abbreviation · The ICC — the everyday designation

The International Criminal Court (ICC) is the permanent international tribunal, seated in The Hague, Netherlands, that prosecutes individuals for the…

International Criminal Police Organization · ICPO-INTERPOL

Interpol — the International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO-INTERPOL) — is the world's largest international police organization, a global cooperation body…

IA · Administracion de Intramuros

The Intramuros Administration (IA) is the Philippine government agency mandated to restore, administer, and develop the historic walled city of…

Isauro Gabaldón y González — the full Spanish-Filipino styling, paternal surname Gabaldón, maternal surname González · Isauro Gabaldon — the accent-less spelling used in the U.S. congressional record

Isauro Gabaldón (born Isauro González; December 8, 1875 – December 21, 1942) was a Filipino lawyer, estate owner, and Nacionalista…

Isko Moreno Domagoso · Francisco Domagoso

Francisco Moreno Domagoso (born October 24, 1974, in Tondo, Manila), known professionally and politically as Isko Moreno, is a Filipino…

Iwahig Penal Colony · Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm (IPPF)

Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm is the Philippines' open-air penal colony in Puerto Princesa, Palawan — a prison run as…

Jose B.L. Reyes · Jose B. L. Reyes

J.B.L. Reyes (born Jose Benedicto Luis Luna Reyes; August 19, 1902, Manila – December 27, 1994, Quezon City) was a…

Jacinto Manahan of the KPMP — reference form in the peasant-movement literature · President of the Kalipunang Pambansa ng mga Magbubukid sa Pilipinas — organizational designation, by 1928

Jacinto Manahan was a Filipino labor and peasant leader of the first generation of tenant organizers — the founder, in…

Jacob G. Schurman — the common short form · President Schurman — his Cornell styling, carried into the commission's popular naming

Jacob Gould Schurman (May 2, 1854, Freetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada – August 12, 1942, Bedford Hills, New York) was…

Jaime Sin · Jaime Lachica Sin (full name)

Jaime Cardinal Sin (in full Jaime Lachica Sin; August 31, 1928 – June 21, 2005) was a Filipino Catholic prelate…

Jaime V. Ongpin · Jimmy Ongpin

Jaime "Jimmy" Velayo Ongpin (June 15, 1939 – December 7, 1987) was a Filipino businessman, anti-Marcos opposition figure, and public…

Janet Lim-Napoles · Janet Napoles

Janet Lim Napoles (born Janet Luy Lim on 15 January 1964 in Malabon, then Rizal province) is a Filipino businesswoman,…

The Japanese period — the common Philippine usage for the occupation years · The Japanese era — the generational shorthand in Philippine family memory

The Japanese Occupation of the Philippines (1942–1945) was the period of Imperial Japanese military rule over the Philippine Islands during…

The Ratification Cases — the collective title for the five consolidated petitions · The 1973 Ratification Cases

Javellana v. Executive Secretary (G.R. No. L-36142, March 31, 1973, decided en banc by the Supreme Court of the Philippines)…

Jojo Binay — the familiar form the Library of Congress carries as its authorized heading · Jesus Jose Cabauatan Binay — birth name; "Jejomar" a portmanteau of Jesus, Joseph, and Mary

Jejomar Binay (born Jesus Jose Cabauatan Binay; November 11, 1942, Paco, Manila) is a Filipino lawyer and politician — the…

Jose Pimentel Ejercito Jr. (full legal name) · Jinggoy Ejercito Estrada

Jinggoy Estrada (born Jose Pimentel Ejercito Jr. on 17 February 1963 in Manila) is a Filipino actor and politician, the…

Ceferino "Joker" Paz Arroyo Jr. — the full name of the standard account, birth name and card-derived nickname together · The Scrooge of Congress — the documented moniker of his thrift record

Joker Arroyo (born Ceferino Paz Arroyo Jr.; January 5, 1927, Naga, Camarines Sur – October 5, 2015, San Francisco, California,…

Philippine Autonomy Act — the formal short title of the statute · Jones Act — the styling carried in American references and reference databases

The Jones Law, formally the Philippine Autonomy Act, was the act of the United States Congress approved on August 29,…

Jorge Cleofas Bocobo — the name-form carried by his Wikidata record · Jorge C. Bocobo

Jorge Bocobo (October 19, 1886 – July 23, 1965), also recorded as Jorge Cleofas Bocobo, was a Filipino lawyer, educator,…

José Abad Santos · Chief Justice José Abad Santos — the styling of his final office

José Abad Santos (José Abad Santos y Basa; February 19, 1886, San Fernando, Pampanga – May 1, 1942, Malabang, Lanao)…

José Dira Avelino Sr. — the full form carrying his mother's surname · José Avelino y Dira — the Spanish-era styling of his birth name

José Dira Avelino (born José Avelino y Dira; August 5, 1890, Calbayog, Samar – July 21, 1986, Manila) was a…

JoeCon · Jose S. Concepcion Jr.

Jose Concepcion Jr. (in full Jose Santos Concepcion Jr.; December 29, 1931, Pasay – March 6, 2024), known across Philippine…

Jose Claveria de Venecia Jr. · Jose de Venecia

Jose de Venecia Jr. (in full Jose Claveria de Venecia Jr.; December 26, 1936, Dagupan, Pangasinan – February 10, 2026)…

José B. Laurel Jr. — the conventional styling of his public career · José Bayani Hidalgo Laurel Jr. — the full name of the record

José Laurel Jr. (José Bayani "Pepito" Hidalgo Laurel Jr.; August 27, 1912, Tanauan, Batangas – March 11, 1998, Manila) was…

Joma · Joma Sison

Jose Maria Sison (February 8, 1939 – December 16, 2022), known across five decades of Philippine political life as Joma…

Chief Justice José Yulo — the styling his wartime office gave him and the 1957 campaign used · Speaker José Yulo — the styling of his Commonwealth years, 1939–1941

José Yulo (September 24, 1894, Bago, Negros Occidental – October 27, 1976, Makati Medical Center) was a Filipino lawyer, legislator,…

Erap (the nickname given by fellow actor Fernando Poe Jr. — Tagalog back-slang for pare, "buddy") · Jose Marcelo Ejercito (birth name)

Joseph Estrada (born Jose Marcelo Ejercito on April 19, 1937, in Tondo, Manila) is a Filipino actor and politician, the…

Ka Jovy — the familiar address of his party and movement years · Jovito R. Salonga — the initials styling of official records

Jovito Salonga (Jovito Reyes Salonga; June 22, 1920, Pasig, Rizal – March 10, 2016, Quezon City), known as "Ka Jovy"…

Migz Zubiri · Juan Miguel F. Zubiri

Juan Miguel "Migz" Fernandez Zubiri (born April 13, 1969, in Makati) is a Filipino politician who has served two stretches…

Juanito Furagganan (birth name) · Juan Ponce Enrile Sr.

Juan Ponce Enrile (born Juanito Furagganan on 14 February 1924 in Gonzaga, Cagayan, per official records; died 13 November 2025,…

Juan Sumulong y Marquez — the full Hispanic styling under which the Library of Congress catalogs him · Don Juan Sumulong — the honorific form of Commonwealth-era usage

Juan Sumulong y Marquez (born December 27, 1875, Antipolo, Distrito de Morong — died January 9, 1942, Manila) was a…

JBC — the universal initialism, used alike in the constitutional commentaries and the Council's own record · The Council — the short form the constitutional text itself uses ("The Council shall have the principal function of recommending appointees to the Judiciary")

The Judicial and Bar Council (JBC) is the constitutional body created by Article VIII, Sections 8 and 9 of the…

K-12 · K to 12

The K to 12 Program is the Philippines' enhanced basic education program instituted by Republic Act No. 10533, the Enhanced…

Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas — the full Filipino name · Association for Service to the New Philippines — the English rendering

KALIBAPI — Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas, the "Association for Service to the New Philippines" — was the sole…

Kaliwa Dam · New Centennial Water Source–Kaliwa Dam Project (NCWS-KDP)

The Kaliwa Dam Project — formally the New Centennial Water Source–Kaliwa Dam Project (NCWS-KDP) — is a water-supply scheme of…

KBL — the standard abbreviation · New Society Movement — the English rendering of the name

The Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL — the "New Society Movement"), formally launched at its founding as the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan…

KMU — the universal short form · May First Movement — the English rendering of the name

The Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU, "May First Movement") — its name built on kilusan, the Tagalog word for "movement" —…

KNP · Coalition of United Filipinos

The Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino (KNP, "Coalition of United Filipinos"; classified in Wikidata as an electoral alliance) was a Philippine…

6.25 War (yugio; 육이오) — the Korean naming by the war's opening date, June 25 · Fatherland Liberation War (Jogukhaebangjeonjaeng; 조국해방전쟁) — the North Korean designation

The Korean War (June 25, 1950 – July 27, 1953) was the war between the two Korean states proclaimed in…

Provincial Government of La Union · La Union Provincial LGU

The La Union Local Government Unit (La Union LGU) refers to the provincial government and administrative body of the province…

LDP · Fight of Democratic Filipinos

The Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP, literally "Fight of Democratic Filipinos"; more commonly called Laban in its early years) is…

PD 442 · Presidential Decree No. 442

The Labor Code of the Philippines is the principal statute governing employment practices and labor relations in the Philippines, enacted…

G.R. Nos. 231658, 231771 and 231774 · The Mindanao martial law petitions of 2017

Lagman v. Medialdea is the Supreme Court decision of July 4, 2017 in three consolidated original petitions — G.R. Nos.…

LLDA · Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) — statutory name since 1966

The Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) is a Philippine quasi-government corporation created by Republic Act No. 4850, signed July 18,…

Volcanic mudflow · Volcanic debris flow

Lahar is a volcanic mudflow or debris flow — a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water that rushes…

LABAN · Lakas ng Bayan (People's Power)

Lakas ng Bayan ("People's Power"), abbreviated LABAN — the Filipino word laban meaning "fight" — was the electoral front organized…

Lakas-CMD (unhyphenated styling in everyday and news usage) · Lakas–Christian Muslim Democrats (official long form)

Lakas–CMD, officially Lakas–Christian Muslim Democrats, is a Philippine centre-right political party whose present form dates from the 2008 merger of…

Republic Act No. 4136 · RA 4136

The Land Transportation and Traffic Code is the short title of Republic Act No. 4136, officially "An Act to Compile…

LTFRB · Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board of the Philippines

The Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) is the Philippine government agency that regulates public land transportation services. It…

Leila Norma Eulalia Josefa Magistrado de Lima — the full birth name of the standard account · Prisoner of conscience — Amnesty International's designation during her detention

Leila de Lima (born Leila Norma Eulalia Josefa Magistrado de Lima; August 27, 1959, Iriga, Camarines Sur) is a Filipino…

Lejano v People · The Vizconde acquittal

Lejano v. People, G.R. Nos. 176389 and 176864, is the decision of the Supreme Court of the Philippines of December…

Maria Leonor Gerona Robredo — full legal name from her birth name and married surname · Leni Gerona Robredo — the styling her published works use

Leni Robredo (born April 23, 1965, Naga, Camarines Sur; birth name Maria Leonor Santo Tomas Gerona) is a Filipino lawyer…

Leo Echegaray — the short citation in death-penalty jurisprudence · G.R. No. 117472 — the automatic-review docket (People v. Echegaray) ([LawPhil — People v. Echegaray](https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1996/jun1996/gr_117472_1996.html "People v. Echegaray, G.R. No. 117472 (June 25, 1996) — The LawPhil Project"))

Leo Pilo Echegaray (July 11, 1960 – February 5, 1999) was a Manila house painter whose execution by lethal injection…

Leyte Regional Prison (LRP) · LRP

The Leyte Regional Prison (LRP) is a penal colony and agricultural prison farm operated by the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)…

LP — the standard abbreviation in Philippine election reporting · Partido Liberal ng Pilipinas — the Filipino styling of the name

The Liberal Party of the Philippines (Filipino Partido Liberal ng Pilipinas, abbreviation LP) is a Philippine political party founded in…

Plaza Lawton · Lawton

Liwasang Bonifacio is a city square and transport hub in the Ermita district of Manila, fronting the Manila Central Post…

LGC · Local Government Code of 1991

The Local Government Code of the Philippines, officially designated as Republic Act No. 7160, is the comprehensive law defining the…

Lorna Regina Bautista Legarda · Lorna Regina Legarda

Lorna Regina "Loren" Bautista Legarda (born January 28, 1960, in Malabon, then part of Rizal province) is a Filipino broadcaster,…

Lorenzo M. Tañada — the initials styling of his official records · Ka Tanny — the familiar address of a half-century of movement politics

Lorenzo Tañada (Lorenzo Martínez Tañada; August 10, 1898, Gumaca, Tayabas, now Quezon – May 28, 1992, Manila) was a Filipino…

Luis Mangalus Taruc — full name · El Supremo — the title attached to his Hukbalahap command

Luis Taruc (Luis Mangalus Taruc; June 21, 1913, barrio of Santa Monica, San Luis, Pampanga – May 4, 2005, Quezon…

Mabanag v. Lopez Vito, G.R. No. L-1123, is the decision the Philippine Supreme Court rendered en banc on March 5,…

Great Charter of Sectoral Rights · Statutory Charter of Rights

In the Philippine legal and political context, a Magna Carta refers to a comprehensive legislative act designed to codify, protect,…

Republic Act No. 9710 · Republic Act 9710

The Magna Carta of Women is the short title of Republic Act No. 9710, officially "An Act Providing for the…

Province of Maguindanao del Norte · Northern Maguindanao (English rendering)

Maguindanao del Norte ("Northern Maguindanao") is a province in the Philippines located in the northern portion of the former province…

Province of Maguindanao del Sur — formal designation · Salatan Magindanaw — Maguindanaon name

Maguindanao del Sur (Maguindanaon: Salatan Magindanaw) is a landlocked province in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) on…

Province of Maguindanao · Maguindanao Provincial Government

The Maguindanao LGU (Local Government Unit) refers to the provincial governance structure of the historical province of Maguindanao, situated in…

Palasyo ng Malakanyang · Malacañan Palace

Malacañang Palace (officially Palasyo ng Malakanyang) is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the Philippines. Located…

The Malampaya Fund is the special account of the Philippine government into which the state's share of revenues from the…

ML · Mamamayang Liberal party-list

Mamamayang Liberal (abbreviation ML) is the party-list organization of the Liberal Party of the Philippines, founded in 2024 to give…

The Floodway (common local shorthand) · Marikina River diversion channel (descriptive term)

The Manggahan Floodway is a flood control channel in Metro Manila, Philippines, built in 1986 at a cost of about…

MCJ — agency and media shorthand · Old Bilibid Prison — popular styling inherited from the site

The Manila City Jail is the city jail of Manila, located at 851 Oroquieta Road in the Santa Cruz district,…

MIAA (standard initialism) · The airport authority of record for NAIA (descriptive)

The Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA) is the Philippine government instrumentality, attached to the Department of Transportation (DOTr), that has…

Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty · Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty (Manila Pact)

The Manila Pact, formally the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, was the eight-power collective-defense treaty signed at Manila on September…

Manuel P. Manahan — the initial styling of formal reference · Manuel Perez Manahan — full name with maternal surname

Manuel Manahan (Manuel Perez Manahan; January 1, 1916, Manila – May 18, 1994, Caba, La Union) was a Filipino journalist,…

Manuel L Quezon · Manuel L. Quezon — the standard styled form, and the title of his page in the standard account

Manuel Quezon (Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina; born August 19, 1878, Baler, district of El Príncipe, then part of Nueva…

Manuel Araneta Roxas II — full legal name · Manuel Roxas II — the formal styling distinguishing him from his grandfather

Mar Roxas (Manuel Araneta Roxas II; born May 13, 1957, Manila) is a Filipino politician and economist, the grandson of…

Marcelo "Celing" Briones Fernan (October 24, 1927, Cebu City – July 11, 1999, Manila) was a Filipino lawyer, jurist, and…

MPA · Marine sanctuary

A Marine Protected Area (MPA) is a clearly defined geographical space dedicated to the conservation and sustainable use of marine…

MARINA (standard acronym) · Pangasiwaan sa Industriyang Maritima (Filipino name)

The Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA) is the Philippine government agency attached to the Department of Transportation (DOTr) that integrates the…

Martial Law · Batas Militar (Filipino)

Martial law in the Philippines (Filipino: Batas Militar sa Pilipinas) refers to the imposition of direct military control over all…

Republic Act No. 2382 · RA 2382

The Medical Act of 1959 is Republic Act No. 2382, approved on June 20, 1959 and headed in the statute…

Merit principle · "Merit and fitness" rule

The Merit System in the Philippines is the constitutional and statutory principle that appointments and promotions in the government service…

MMC · Metropolitan Manila Commission — the formal decree styling

The Metro Manila Commission (MMC), formally the Metropolitan Manila Commission, was the governing public corporation of the Philippine capital region…

MMDA · Metro Manila Development Authority

The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) is the agency of the Philippine government that plans, coordinates, monitors, and regulates the…

MWSS (standard initialism) · Pangasiwaan ng Tubig at Alkantarilya sa Kalakhang Maynila (Filipino name)

The Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS) is the Philippine government agency responsible for water supply and sewerage services in…

#MillionPeopleMarch (organizing hashtag) · #ScrapPork (demand hashtag)

The Million People March was the anti-"pork barrel" protest held on 26 August 2013 — National Heroes Day — at…

MinDA · Mindanao Development Authority

The Mindanao Development Authority (MinDA) is a Philippine government agency under the Office of the President of the Philippines responsible…

RA 7942 · Republic Act No. 7942

The Mining Act of 1995 is the short title that Section 1 gives to Republic Act No. 7942, officially "An…

MHS — the standard abbreviation · Department of Human Settlements (DHS) — the original designation in PD 1396, before PD 1397 converted departments into ministries

The Ministry of Human Settlements (MHS) was the cabinet-level ministry of the Philippine New Society era that held the state's…

The Iron Lady of Asia — the most widely used of her press sobriquets · MDS — the initials by which she was commonly discussed

Miriam Defensor Santiago (June 15, 1945 – September 29, 2016) was a Filipino lawyer, trial judge, cabinet secretary, three-term senator,…

Panganiban Reef (Philippine name, after José Rizal's pen name) · Bahura ng Panganiban (Filipino)

Mischief Reef, known in the Philippines as Panganiban Reef (Filipino: Bahura ng Panganiban), in China as Měijì Jiāo (美济礁), and…

MVDP · Motor Vehicle Development Program (MVDP)

The Motor Vehicle Development Program (MVDP) is the Philippine government's framework industrial policy for the motor-vehicle manufacturing industry, established by…

MVIS · Private Motor Vehicle Inspection Center system

The Motor Vehicle Inspection System (MVIS) is the roadworthiness-testing regime of the Philippine government under which motor vehicles are examined…

MVUC · Motor Vehicle User's Charge (MVUC)

The Motor Vehicle User's Charge (MVUC), popularly called the road user's tax, is the annual charge imposed by Republic Act…

Republic Act No. 11235 · RA 11235

The Motorcycle Crime Prevention Act is the short title of Republic Act No. 11235, officially "An Act Preventing and Penalizing…

Republic Act No. 10054 · RA 10054

The Motorcycle Helmet Act of 2009 is the short title of Republic Act No. 10054, officially "An Act Mandating All…

MTRCB · Lupon sa Rebyu at Klasipikasyon ng Pelikula at Telebisyon

The Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB) is the Philippine government agency that reviews and classifies motion pictures,…

Metro Rail Transit Line 3 · Manila Metro Rail Transit System Line 3

MRT Line 3, also known as the Manila Metro Rail Transit System Line 3 (or the EDSA MRT), is a…

Muntinlupa City · City of Muntinlupa

Muntinlupa, officially the City of Muntinlupa, is the southernmost highly urbanized city in Metro Manila, Philippines. Positioned as the 'Gateway…

MDT — the standard abbreviation in Philippine and American usage · 1951 Mutual Defense Treaty — the dating style used to distinguish it from other treaties of the same name

The Mutual Defense Treaty (formally the Mutual Defense Treaty between the Republic of the Philippines and the United States of…

NP — the standard abbreviation in Philippine election reporting · Partido Nacionalista — the Spanish-era styling of the party's name

The Nacionalista Party (Spanish Partido Nacionalista) is a Philippine political party founded in Manila on April 29, 1907 by the…

National Citizens' Movement for Free Elections · NAMFREL — the universal acronym

The National Citizens' Movement for Free Elections (NAMFREL) is the Philippines' principal non-partisan citizens' election-watch organization, formally organized in October…

NBB · National Biofuel Board

The National Biofuels Board (NBB) is the Philippine inter-agency body created by Section 8 of Republic Act No. 9367, the…

NBI · National Bureau of Investigation of the Philippines

The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) is the principal investigative agency of the Government of the Philippines, a civilian agency…

NCRPO · PNP National Capital Region Police Office (PNP NCRPO) — official styling

The National Capital Region Police Office (NCRPO) is the regional command of the Philippine National Police (PNP) with jurisdiction over…

NCIP · NCIP Philippines

The National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) is the primary Philippine government agency responsible for protecting and promoting the rights…

NCT — the standard acronym · National Cultural Treasures — the plural styling of the registry and the standard lists

A National Cultural Treasure (NCT) is the highest designation the Philippine state confers on a cultural property — defined in…

Commonwealth Act No. 1 · CA No. 1

The National Defense Act is the short title of Commonwealth Act No. 1, officially "An Act to Provide for the…

NFA · National Grains Authority

The National Food Authority (NFA) is the Philippine government agency responsible for maintaining the national rice buffer stock, created by…

NGCP (usual initialism) · The grid operator (common shorthand in industry reporting)

The National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP) is the private corporation that operates, maintains, and expands the Philippines' electricity…

Republic Act No. 7875 · RA 7875

The National Health Insurance Act, officially Republic Act No. 7875, is the statute "instituting a national health insurance program for…

NIA (usual initialism) · National Irrigation Administration of the Philippines

The National Irrigation Administration (NIA) is the government-owned and controlled corporation of the Philippines responsible for irrigation development and management.…

NMAT

The National Medical Admission Test (NMAT) is the national entrance examination required of applicants to all medical schools in the…

Napolcom · NAPOLCOM

The National Police Commission (Napolcom) is the civilian agency of the Government of the Philippines responsible for the administration and…

NAPOCOR · Napocor

The National Power Corporation (NAPOCOR, also NPC) is a Philippine government-owned and controlled corporation created under Commonwealth Act No. 120,…

NPC · Komisyon para sa Proteksyon ng Personal na Impormasyon

The National Privacy Commission (NPC) is the Philippine government's independent data protection authority, created by Republic Act No. 10173, the…

NREB

The National Renewable Energy Board (NREB) is the Philippine government's standing advisory and policy-coordination body for renewable energy, created by…

NTF-WPS (standard abbreviation) · National Task Force on the West Philippine Sea (variant styling used in official statements)

The National Task Force for the West Philippine Sea (NTF-WPS) is the inter-agency coordinating body through which the Philippine government…

NTC · National Telecommunications Commission

The National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) is the Philippine government agency attached to the Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT)…

TransCo · TRANSCO

The National Transmission Corporation (TransCo) is the Philippine government-owned and -controlled corporation that owns the country's high-voltage electricity transmission grid…

NCP — the standard abbreviation of the era's reporting · Lapiang Makabansa — the Filipino name recorded for the party

The Nationalist Citizens' Party (NCP; Filipino: Lapiang Makabansa) was the Philippine political party founded in 1957 by Claro M. Recto…

NPC — the standard abbreviation in Philippine election reporting · Partido Pilipino — the party's original registration name of February 5, 1991

The Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC) is a Philippine political party founded by Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco Jr. — the San Miguel…

Go Negosyo Act · Negosyo Center (singular form)

Negosyo Centers are the Philippine government's one-stop-shop facilities for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), mandated by Republic Act No.…

Nicanor E. Yñiguez · Speaker Nicanor Yñiguez

Nicanor Espina Yñiguez (November 6, 1915 – April 13, 2007) was a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the…

Nicolas Zamora · Nicolas Villegas Zamora

Nicolás Zamora (in full, Nicolás Villegas Zamora; September 10, 1875, Binondo, Manila – September 14, 1914, Bulakan, Bulacan) was a…

Nine-dashed line · Nine-dotted line

Nine-Dash Line (Chinese: Nánhǎi Duànxùxiàn, "South Sea intermittent line") is the name given to a set of nine line segments…

NCAP · No Contact Apprehension Policy

The No-Contact Apprehension Program (NCAP) is a traffic-enforcement method used in the Philippines under which violations are detected by traffic…

Norberto Romualdez · Norberto L. Romualdez

Norberto Romualdez Sr. (born Norberto Romuáldez y López; June 6, 1875, Burauen, Leyte – November 4, 1941, Palapag, Samar) was…

ND · Disallowance

A notice of disallowance (ND) is the principal accountability instrument of the Commission on Audit (COA) of the Philippines: the…

Oakwood Mutiny — the capitalized styling used in Proclamation No. 75, series of 2010 · July 27, 2003 Oakwood Mutiny — the incident designation in the amnesty instruments

The Oakwood mutiny was the seizure, in the early hours of July 27, 2003, of the Oakwood Premier serviced apartments…

Tanodbayan · Ombudsman of the Philippines

The Office of the Ombudsman (Tanodbayan) is the independent constitutional body of the Philippines charged with investigating and prosecuting public…

Tanggapan ng Pangulo ng Pilipinas — the Filipino designation · OP — the standard abbreviation in Philippine government usage

The Office of the President of the Philippines (Filipino: Tanggapan ng Pangulo ng Pilipinas) is the administrative, advisory, and consultative…

OSG · Office of the Solicitor General of the Philippines

The Office of the Solicitor General (OSG) is the "law office of the Government" of the Philippines — the principal…

Old Bilibid · Carcel y Presidio Correccional

The Old Bilibid Prison, known under Spanish rule as the Carcel y Presidio Correccional ("Correctional Jail and Military Prison"), was…

Omnibus Election Code of the Philippines (Batas Pambansa Blg. 881) · BP 881

The Omnibus Election Code of the Philippines is the short title of Batas Pambansa Blg. 881, a statute approved on…

OFG · Omnibus Guidelines on the Planning and Identification of Public Road Transportation Services and Franchise Issuance

The Omnibus Franchising Guidelines (OFG) are the Philippine Department of Transportation's policy framework for the planning and franchising of public…

Republic Act No. 10068 · RA 10068

The Organic Agriculture Act of 2010 is the short title of Republic Act No. 10068, officially "An Act Providing for…

Pablo de León Ocampo — the full Spanish-style name · Don Pablo Ocampo — the honorific styling of his Manila-era prominence

Pablo Ocampo (born Pablo de León Ocampo; January 25, 1853, Quiapo, Manila – February 5, 1925, Manila) was a Filipino…

Palanan · Municipality of Palanan

Palanan, officially the Municipality of Palanan, is a municipality in the province of Isabela, located within the Cagayan Valley (Region…

Ping Lacson · Ping

Panfilo Lacson (born June 1, 1948, in Imus, Cavite), widely known as Ping Lacson, is a Filipino politician and former…

4Ps · Pantawid Pamilya

The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is the national conditional cash transfer (CCT) program of the Philippines, implemented by the…

PPCRV · Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible Voting (PPCRV) — full organizational name

The Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible Voting (PPCRV) is a Catholic Church-based, non-partisan election watchdog in the Philippines, founded on…

Parity Rights Amendment · Parity Rights

The Parity Amendment was the amendment to the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines ratified in the plebiscite of March 11,…

PFP · Partido Federal

The Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP) is a Philippine national political party organized in 2018 by supporters of President Rodrigo…

Party-List System Act · Party-List System Act (Republic Act No. 7941)

The party-list system is the constitutional mechanism by which a portion of the Philippine House of Representatives is elected through…

Philippine Council for Agriculture Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development · DOST-PCAARRD

PCAARRD — the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development — is the sectoral planning council…

PD957 · PD 957

PD 957 (Presidential Decree No. 957), also known as the Subdivision and Condominium Buyers' Protective Decree, is the primary consumer…

PDP-Laban · PDP Laban

PDP–Laban, formally the Partido Demokratiko Pilipino–Lakas ng Bayan ("Philippine Democratic Party–Struggle of the Nation") and known simply as PDP since…

Pedro Dungoc · Dungoc, Pedro Sr. — the Wall of Remembrance listing

Pedro Dungoc Sr. (born 1943, by one record on January 1, 1943 – June 22, 1985) was a Kalinga farmer…

Act No. 854 — the statute number of the Philippine Commission · The Pensionado Law — the styling this wiki's Tomás Mapúa entry uses for the 1903 authority

The Pensionado Act (Act No. 854 of the Philippine Commission, enacted August 26, 1903 — formally "An Act providing for…

People of the Philippines v. Eduardo Prieto · G.R. No. L-399 (the docket citation)

People v. Prieto is a decision of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, G.R. No. L-399, decided January 29, 1948…

People's Court of the Philippines — the expanded styling in legal literature · The special treason court — the descriptive styling of the occupation-era jurisdiction

The People's Court was the special court created by Commonwealth Act No. 682, approved September 25, 1945 — signed by…

PCA (common abbreviation) · Cour permanente d'arbitrage (French, one of the PCA's official languages)

The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) is an intergovernmental organization headquartered at the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands, which…

PDL · PDLs

Persons deprived of liberty — in official Philippine usage almost always abbreviated PDLs — is the legal term of art…

The Pharmally scandal — the standard styling · The Pharmally hearings — the Senate proceedings at the scandal's core

The Pharmally Scandal is the Philippine procurement controversy that broke in August 2021 over pandemic-supply contracts awarded to Pharmally Pharmaceutical…

Philippine Government Electronic Procurement System — the full statutory name · G-EPS — the Government Electronic Procurement System styling used in RA 9184 and its implementing rules

PhilGEPS, the Philippine Government Electronic Procurement System, is the single central electronic portal through which the Philippine government conducts and…

Hukbong Himpapawid ng Pilipinas · PAF

The Philippine Air Force (Filipino: Hukbong Himpapawid ng Pilipinas; PAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the Armed Forces…

PA — the standard abbreviation · Hukbong Katihan ng Pilipinas — the Filipino designation

The Philippine Army (Filipino: Hukbong Katihan ng Pilipinas) is the main, oldest, and largest branch of the Armed Forces of…

Assembly — the common short form in American-period records and reporting · First Philippine Assembly — the inaugural 1907–1909 body and, loosely, the institution's founding moment

The Philippine Assembly was the lower house of the Philippine Legislature from 1907 to 1916 — the first elected national…

PBA (initialism) · Philippine Bar Association, Inc. (corporate name following the 1958 incorporation)

The Philippine Bar Association (PBA) is a voluntary professional association of lawyers in the Philippines. It describes itself as the…

Philippine Bar Examinations (plural form usual in Court usage) · The Bar

The Philippine Bar Examination is the professional licensure examination for the practice of law in the Philippines, administered exclusively by…

PCG · Philippine Coast Guard (Tanod Baybayin ng Pilipinas)

The Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) is the Philippines' armed and uniformed civilian maritime service, attached to the Department of Transportation…

PCA · Philippine Coconut Authority

The Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA) is a Philippine government agency attached to the Department of Agriculture (DA) responsible for the…

Taft Commission — the popular name for the commission under its first president · Second Philippine Commission — its formal designation, distinguishing it from the Schurman Commission of 1899

The Philippine Commission was the body appointed by U.S. President William McKinley to legislate for, and then help administer, the…

National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women (NCRFW) — the 1975–2009 name · NCRFW — the original acronym

The Philippine Commission on Women (PCW) is the Philippine national government's gender-equality machinery — the "primary policymaking and coordinating body…

PCC · PhCC (abbreviation used on the commission's official website)

The Philippine Competition Commission (PCC) is the independent, quasi-judicial agency that enforces the Philippine Competition Act, Republic Act No. 10667,…

PC · Insular Constabulary (original statutory designation, 1901)

The Philippine Constabulary (PC) was the national police force of the Philippines from 1901 to 1991. It was created by…

Metrocom · PC Metropolitan Command (PC METROCOM)

The Philippine Constabulary Metropolitan Command (Metrocom) was the metropolitan command of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) that operated in the Greater…

PDEA — the standard abbreviation of the agency's own usage · The implementing arm of the Dangerous Drugs Board — the statutory description

The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) is the national lead agency against dangerous drugs — the law-enforcement body created by…

PEC — the standard abbreviation in the historiography of the occupation · Komisyong Tagapagpaganap ng Pilipinas — the Filipino designation

The Philippine Executive Commission (PEC), in Filipino Komisyong Tagapagpaganap ng Pilipinas, was the caretaker civil administration through which the Japanese…

Commonwealth Act No. 613 · CA 613

The Philippine Immigration Act of 1940, officially Commonwealth Act No. 613 and formally "An Act to Control and Regulate the…

PIA (government communications agency) · Ahensya ng Impormasyon ng Pilipinas

The Philippine Information Agency (PIA) is the national government communications agency of the Philippines, attached to the Presidential Communications Office…

The Legislature — the standard short form in American-period Philippine records · Legislature of the Philippine Islands — the formal styling of the insular-government era

The Philippine Legislature was the legislature of the Philippines under American rule, in existence from the inauguration of its first…

PNP · Philippine National Police

The Philippine National Police (PNP) is the national police force of the Philippines — a civilian organization national in scope…

PNR · Philippine National Railways (PNR)

The Philippine National Railways (PNR) is the state-owned railway operator of the Philippines, a government-owned and controlled corporation attached to…

PNS · Philippine National Standard (singular form used in standard designations)

Philippine National Standards (PNS) are the formal national standards of the Philippines, developed, promulgated, and implemented by the Bureau of…

Hukbong Dagat ng Pilipinas · PN

The Philippine Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, responsible for maritime defense,…

Cooper Act — the name carried from the House author, Henry A. Cooper, used in this wiki's Philippine Assembly entry · Philippine Bill of 1902 — the contemporary American styling of the statute

The Philippine Organic Act of 1902 — the Philippine Bill of 1902, popularly the Cooper Act after its House author,…

Philippine Overseas Employment Administration · POEA (historical)

The Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA) was the Philippine government agency responsible for the regulation, licensing, and oversight of overseas…

Piso (Filipino spelling) · PHP (ISO 4217 alphabetic code)

The Philippine peso (Filipino: piso; ISO 4217 code PHP, numeric 608; symbol ₱) is the official currency of the Philippines,…

PRA · Public Estates Authority (PEA) — statutory name from 1977 to 2004

The Philippine Reclamation Authority (PRA) is the Philippine government's lead agency for land reclamation, a chartered government-owned and controlled corporation…

PST · Philippine Time

Philippine Standard Time (PST or PhST; Filipino: Pamantayang Oras ng Pilipinas) is the official time of the Philippines, a single…

Philippine War of Independence · Philippine Insurrection (historical U.S. term)

The Philippine-American War (also known as the Philippine War of Independence or the Philippine Insurrection) was an armed conflict between…

Pilar Cañeda Braga · Pilar C. Braga

Pilar C. Braga (full name Pilar Cañeda Braga, as recorded in the caption of a 2016 Supreme Court decision) is…

Plaza Miranda · The Plaza Miranda bombing of 1971 — the dated styling

The Plaza Miranda Bombing was the grenade attack on the Liberal Party's proclamation rally at Plaza Miranda, Quiapo, Manila, on…

Anti-Plunder Act (short title of RA 7080) · Republic Act No. 7080

Plunder is a crime under Philippine law defined and penalized by Republic Act No. 7080, the Anti-Plunder Act, "An Act…

Republic Act No. 7080 — its statutory citation · RA 7080 — the common short form

The Plunder Law is Republic Act No. 7080, "An Act Defining and Penalizing the Crime of Plunder," the 1991 statute…

Frente Popular — the Spanish styling carried in the 1937 Philippine Magazine reference of the party's own record · Popular Front (Philippines) — the disambiguated form, against the European popular fronts of the same name

The Popular Front (Spanish: Frente Popular) was a Philippine political party of the late Commonwealth — founded in 1934 to…

pork · pork-barrel spending

Pork barrel is a metaphor, of United States origin, for the appropriation of government spending on localized projects secured to…

PPP Center · Public-Private Partnership Center of the Philippines (full name)

The PPP Center of the Philippines is the government agency that serves as the central coordinating and facilitating office for…

Preparatory Committee for Philippine Independence — the styling carried by the standard reference work and by this wiki's sister entries · PCPI — the standard abbreviation

The Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence (PCPI) was the twenty-member body elected by the sole legal organization KALIBAPI on June…

President Ferdinand E. Marcos Sr. · President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr.

President Ferdinand refers to the national leadership and executive administrations of two distinct presidents in Philippine history: Ferdinand Edralin Marcos…

Ferdinand Marcos Jr. · Bongbong Marcos

Bongbong Marcos (Ferdinand Romualdez Marcos Jr.; born September 13, 1957, Manila) is a Filipino politician, the 17th President of the…

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo · Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo is a prominent Filipino economist and politician who served as the 14th President of the Philippines from 2001…

Manuel Luis Quezon · Manuel L. Quezon

President Manuel (specifically Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina; August 19, 1878 – August 1, 1944) was a Filipino statesman, soldier,…

Pangulo ng Pilipinas — the Filipino designation · Presidente ng Pilipinas — the Filipino styling in common use

The President of the Philippines (Filipino: Pangulo ng Pilipinas) is the head of state and head of government of the…

Digong · PRRD (President Rodrigo Roa Duterte)

Rodrigo Roa Duterte (born March 28, 1945), also known by the moniker Digong, is a Filipino politician and lawyer who…

PCGG — the universal abbreviation · Good Government Commission — descriptive shorthand in English-language reporting

The Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG) is the Philippine government agency created to recover the ill-gotten wealth accumulated by…

PCO · Office of the Press Secretary (OPS)

The Presidential Communications Office (PCO) is the principal communications arm of the Office of the President of the Philippines —…

Integrated Reorganization Plan — the plan the decree enacted, used interchangeably with the decree · Presidential Decree No. 1 (1972) and the Integrated Reorganization Plan

Presidential Decree No. 1 (September 24, 1972), styled "Reorganizing the Executive Branch of the National Government," is the founding decree…

Toll Operation Decree · PD 1112

Presidential Decree No. 1112, signed by President Ferdinand E. Marcos on March 31, 1977 and titled "Authorizing the Establishment of…

Government Auditing Code of the Philippines · Government Auditing Code

Presidential Decree No. 1445, signed in Manila on June 11, 1978 by President Ferdinand E. Marcos, is the Government Auditing…

PD 1566 · Presidential Decree No. 1566, s. 1978

Presidential Decree No. 1566, signed on June 11, 1978, by President Ferdinand E. Marcos, is the decree "Strengthening the Philippine…

P.D. No. 421, s. 1974 · The Greater Manila police integration decree

Presidential Decree No. 421 is the martial-law-era issuance signed by President Ferdinand E. Marcos on March 21, 1974, officially titled…

PD 765 · The INP charter (the decree constituting the Integrated National Police)

Presidential Decree No. 765 (August 8, 1975), long titled "Providing for the Constitution of the Integrated National Police and for…

PD 902-A · Presidential Decree 902-A

Presidential Decree No. 902-A is the March 11, 1976 decree of President Ferdinand E. Marcos formally titled "Reorganization of the…

PET — the standard initials in Philippine legal usage · The Presidential Electoral Tribunal of the Supreme Court — the descriptive full styling

The Presidential Electoral Tribunal (PET) is the Supreme Court of the Philippines sitting en banc in its capacity as the…

Republic Act No. 7581 · RA 7581

The Price Act is the short title of Republic Act No. 7581, signed by President Corazon C. Aquino on May…

President of the Council of Government · President of the Council (Philippines)

The Prime Minister of the Philippines was the office of head of government created by the 1973 Constitution in its…

PDAF · Congressional pork barrel

The Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) was a lump-sum appropriation in the Philippine General Appropriations Act that provided fixed annual…

Philippine privatization program · Asset disposition program

Privatization in the Philippines refers to the program of transferring government-owned corporations, sequestered assets, and other state properties to private…

Proclamation 216 · Martial law in Mindanao

Proclamation No. 216 is the proclamation by which President Rodrigo Duterte, on May 23, 2017, declared a state of martial…

The Freedom Constitution proclamation — the descriptive reference used in constitutional literature · Proclamation No. 3, s. 1986 — the issuance-series styling

Proclamation No. 3 is the presidential proclamation of March 25, 1986 by which President Corazon C. Aquino promulgated the Provisional…

The Roxas amnesty — the standard short name in Philippine historiography · The 1948 amnesty for collaborators

Proclamation No. 51 ("A Proclamation Granting Amnesty"), issued by President Manuel Roxas on January 28, 1948, granted a "full and…

Proclamation 58 — the shortened citation · Proclamation No. 58, s. 1987 — the issuance-series styling

Proclamation No. 58 was the presidential proclamation of February 11, 1987 by which President Corazon C. Aquino proclaimed the ratification…

Proclamation No. 9, s. 1986 — the issuance-series styling · The "Law Governing the Constitutional Commission of 1986" — the instrument's operative title ([LawPhil — Proclamation No. 9](https://www.lawphil.net/executive/proc/proc1986/proc_9_1986.html "Proclamation No. 9 (April 23, 1986): Law Governing the Constitutional Commission of 1986 — The LawPhil Project"))

Proclamation No. 9 is the proclamation of April 23, 1986 by which President Corazon C. Aquino promulgated the "Law Governing…

PS-DBM · DBM-Procurement Service (DBM-PS)

The Procurement Service (PS), commonly PS-DBM, is the central procurement arm of the Philippine government — a self-sustaining service under…

PRB · Regulatory Board

A Professional Regulatory Board (PRB) in the Philippines is a specialized administrative body under the administrative supervision of the Professional…

Partido Nacional Progresista — the Spanish styling adopted at the January 1907 reorganization · Nationalist Progressive Party — the English rendering of the reorganized name

The Progresista Party (Spanish Partido Nacional Progresista, "Nationalist Progressive Party") was the Philippine political party formed when the Federalista Party…

PCMP · Progressive Car Manufacturing Program (PCMP)

The Progressive Car Manufacturing Program (PCMP) was the Board of Investments (BOI) program of the 1970s that made the Philippines'…

Progressive Party — the standard short form of the era's reporting · The Progressives — the press shorthand for its candidates and following

The Progressive Party of the Philippines, commonly the Progressive Party, was a Filipino reformist political party founded in 1957 by…

Presidential Decree No. 198 · PD 198

The Provincial Water Utilities Act of 1973 is the short title of Presidential Decree No. 198, signed by President Ferdinand…

Commonwealth Act No. 146 (CA 146) · Public Service Law (style used in early compilations)

The Public Service Act, officially Commonwealth Act No. 146, is the 1936 Philippine statute — approved on November 7, 1936…

PUVMP · PUV Modernization Program

The Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program (PUVMP) is the Philippine government's flagship reform of road-based public transport, launched by the…

Pusyon Bisaya — the standard styling, from the Visayan pusyon (fusion or coalition) · Visayan Coalition — the literal English rendering recorded in the party's reference article

Pusyon Bisaya (literally "Visayan Coalition") was a Filipino political party founded in 1978 and led by the Cebu lawyer and…

Querube C. Makalintal · Chief Justice Makalintal — the eleventh Chief Justice of the Philippines

Querube Cortinas Makalintal (December 22, 1910, San Jose, Batangas – November 2002, Manila) was a Filipino jurist who served as…

Quintín Paredes y Babila — birth name recorded in the standard references · Quintin Paredes — the accentless spelling used in most English-language sources

Quintín Paredes (September 9, 1884, Bangued, Abra – January 30, 1973, Manila) was a Filipino lawyer, jurist, and legislator whose…

Independence Grandstand — the structure's name from its 1949 completion until its renaming for Quirino · The Luneta grandstand — the descriptive styling from its siting at Rizal Park (historically Luneta)

The Quirino Grandstand is a 10,000-capacity grandstand on Independence Road at the seaward, western end of Rizal Park, Ermita, Manila,…

quo warranto proceeding · quo warranto petition

Quo warranto — Medieval Latin for "by what warrant" — is a legal remedy by which a court demands that…

Rafael Crame y Pérez de Tagle — the full Spanish-style name, paternal surname Crame, maternal surname Pérez de Tagle · Brigadier General Rafael Crame — the rank he held as Constabulary chief

Rafael Crame (Rafael Crame y Pérez de Tagle; October 2, 1863 – January 1, 1927) was a Filipino constabulary officer…

The Incorruptible — the nickname earned heading the presidential anti-graft agency in the 1960s · Ramon D. Bagatsing — the initials styling of official records

Ramon Bagatsing (August 19, 1916, Fabrica, Sagay, Negros Occidental – February 14, 2006, Muntinlupa) was a Filipino lawyer, policeman, war…

Ramon Magsaysay · President Magsaysay

Ramon Magsaysay (Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay; August 31, 1907, Iba, Zambales – March 17, 1957, Mount Manunggal, Balamban, Cebu) was…

Monching Mitra — the nickname styling of his entire public career · Ramon V. Mitra Jr. — the initialized formal styling, carried by the Batasang Pambansa building named for him

Ramon Mitra Jr. (Ramon Villarosa Mitra Jr.; February 4, 1928, Iwahig Penal Colony, Puerto Princesa, Palawan – March 20, 2000,…

Bong Revilla (screen and ballot name) · Jose Mari Mortel Bautista (birth name)

Ramon Revilla Jr. (born Jose Mari Mortel Bautista on September 25, 1966, in Manila; name legally changed in 2009 to…

Raul Sevilla Manglapus — full name · Raul S. Manglapus — the initial styling of his books and official records

Raul Manglapus (Raul Sevilla Manglapus; October 20, 1918, Ermita, Manila – July 25, 1999, Muntinlupa) was a Filipino statesman, composer,…

Raul Roco · Raul S. Roco

Raúl Sagarbarria Roco (October 26, 1941 – August 5, 2005) was a Filipino lawyer and politician — constitutional convention delegate,…

RAM — the standard acronym throughout the Marcos and Aquino years · Rebolusyonaryong Alyansang Makabansa (Revolutionary Nationalist Alliance) — the name adopted in 1990, retaining the RAM acronym

The Reform the Armed Forces Movement (RAM) is the organization of reformist and later mutinous officers of the Armed Forces…

Renato C. Corona · Chief Justice Corona

Renato C. Corona (October 15, 1948 – April 29, 2016) was a Filipino jurist who served as the 23rd Chief…

RE Act · Renewable Energy Act

The Renewable Energy Act of 2008, formally Republic Act No. 9513 — "An Act Promoting the Development, Utilization and Commercialization…

Republic Act No. 10354 — the statutory designation · RA 10354 — the standard short citation

The Reproductive Health Act of 2012, officially Republic Act No. 10354, "An Act Providing for a National Policy on Responsible…

Maharlika Investment Fund Act of 2023 · Maharlika Investment Fund Act

Republic Act No. 11954, the Maharlika Investment Fund Act of 2023, is the statute — approved on July 18, 2023…

New Government Procurement Act · NGPA

Republic Act No. 12009, officially titled "An Act Revising Republic Act No. 9184, otherwise known as the 'Government Procurement Reform…

Republic Act No. 12078 · RA 12078

Republic Act No. 12078, officially "An Act Amending Republic Act No. 8178 or the 'Agricultural Tariffication Act', as Amended by…

Forfeiture of Unlawfully Acquired Property Act — the descriptive designation used for the statute in Philippine legal literature and in this wiki's related entries · The forfeiture law / the forfeiture statute — the short designations used in discussions of the anti-graft framework

Republic Act No. 1379, approved on June 18, 1955 and titled "An Act Declaring Forfeiture in Favor of the State…

RA 311 — the standard short citation form · An Act Abolishing the People's Court and the Office of Special Prosecutors — the descriptive short title drawn from the long title's opening clause

Republic Act No. 311, approved on June 19, 1948, is the statute conventionally cited by its long title, "An Act…

Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act · Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 — the Act's short title under Section 1

Republic Act No. 9165, the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, is the principal statute of the Philippines on dangerous…

Government Procurement Reform Act · GPRA

Republic Act No. 9184, the Government Procurement Reform Act, is the Philippine statute "Providing for the Modernization, Standardization and Regulation…

República de Biak-na-Bató (Spanish designation) · The Biak-na-Bato republic — the common descriptive form

The Republic of Biak-na-Bato (Spanish: República de Biak-na-Bató) was the short-lived revolutionary republic established on November 1, 1897 in the…

Republic v. Sandoval is a decision of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, En Banc, promulgated on March 19, 1993,…

Resident Commissioner from the Philippine Islands — the formal styling of the office in the U.S. House record · Philippine resident commissioner — the descriptive short form in Filipino historiography

The Resident Commissioner of the Philippines (in full, Resident Commissioner from the Philippine Islands to the United States House of…

Republic Act No. 10349 · RA 10349

The Revised AFP Modernization Act is the working name of Republic Act No. 10349, "An Act Amending Republic Act No.…

Republic Act No. 11232 · RA 11232

The Revised Corporation Code — officially the Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 11232, "An Act Providing…

Revised Penal Code of the Philippines · Act No. 3815

The Revised Penal Code is the Philippines' core criminal statute — Act No. 3815, officially "An Act Revising the Penal…

Republic Act No. 11203 · RA 11203

The Rice Tariffication Law is the short title of Republic Act No. 11203, officially "An Act Liberalizing the Importation, Exportation…

Rodrigo Roa Duterte (full name) · Digong (the standing nickname in Philippine public life)

Rodrigo Duterte (in full Rodrigo Roa Duterte; born March 28, 1945, Maasin, Leyte) is a Filipino lawyer and politician who…

Rome Statute — the short statutory title · The ICC Statute — the institutional shorthand

The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court is the treaty that established the International Criminal Court — adopted in…

SPPF · Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm reservation

The Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm (SPPF) is a prison and agricultural penal colony operated by the Bureau of Corrections…

Republic Act No. 8800 · RA 8800

The Safeguard Measures Act is the short title of Republic Act No. 8800, an act protecting local industries by providing…

Salvador "Doy" Laurel — the familiar form by which the era knew him · Salvador Roman Hidalgo Laurel — full name; the styling carried in the Library of Congress heading

Salvador Laurel (Salvador Roman Hidalgo Laurel; November 18, 1928, Paco, Manila – January 27, 2004, Atherton, California), known throughout Philippine…

Estrecho de San Juanico — the Spanish designation, carried as the Spanish Wikipedia article's title · The San Juanico channel — the navigational styling

San Juanico Strait (Spanish Estrecho de San Juanico) is the narrow channel of the Eastern Visayas, Philippines, that separates the…

Sandigan · Anti-graft court (of the Philippines)

The Sandiganbayan is the Philippines' special collegiate anti-graft court, holding jurisdiction over criminal and civil cases involving graft and corrupt…

Inday Sara — the standing nickname of her Davao years · Sara Zimmerman Duterte-Carpio — full name

Sara Duterte (in full Sara Zimmerman Duterte-Carpio; born May 31, 1978, Davao City; nicknamed Inday Sara) is a Filipino lawyer…

First Philippine Commission — the formal designation, distinguishing it from the Second (Taft) Commission of 1900 · The Schurman Commission — the popular name from its chairman

The Schurman Commission — formally the First Philippine Commission — was the five-member investigative body President William McKinley created by…

Republic Act No. 8750 · RA 8750

The Seat Belt Use Act is the short title of Republic Act No. 8750, officially the "Seat Belts Use Act…

Baste · Baste Duterte

Sebastian Zimmerman Duterte (born November 3, 1987, Davao City), universally known as Baste, is a Filipino politician, the incumbent mayor…

EDSA II — the common shorthand · EDSA Dos — the styling common in Philippine media

The Second EDSA Revolution — EDSA II or EDSA Dos — was the four-day protest uprising of January 16–20, 2001…

The 2026 impeachment of Sara Duterte — its usual date tag · House Resolution No. 989 — the instrument carrying the articles

The Second impeachment of Sara Duterte is the proceeding in which the House of Representatives of the 20th Congress impeached…

Republic of the Philippines — the official name the republic used, the reason the ordinal "Second" is historians' distinguishing label · Japanese-sponsored Republic — the descriptive styling of the occupation-era government

The Second Philippine Republic, officially the Republic of the Philippines, was the Japanese-sponsored state proclaimed at Manila on October 14,…

Security and Exchange Commission Philippines · SEC Philippines

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Philippines is the Philippine government agency responsible for the registration, regulation, and supervision of…

Republic Act No. 8799 — the statute number · Republic Act 8799

The Securities Regulation Code (Republic Act No. 8799, approved July 19, 2000) is the principal Philippine statute governing securities and…

Tenure security · Employment security

Security of Tenure refers to the guarantee that a worker or public officer may not be removed from employment or…

Senate Committee on Accountability of Public Officers and Investigations — the formal name in the Senate rules and the official Senate records · Blue Ribbon Committee — the universal shorthand in Philippine media

The Senate Blue Ribbon Committee, formally the Senate Committee on Accountability of Public Officers and Investigations, is the standing committee…

SET — the standard initials in Philippine legal usage · The Senate's Electoral Tribunal — the descriptive styling of the constitutional text

The Senate Electoral Tribunal (SET) is the nine-member tribunal that the Constitution makes "the sole judge of all contests relating…

Philippine Senate · Philippine Senate — the common short form in news and official usage

The Senate of the Philippines is the upper chamber of the Congress of the Philippines, a 24-member body elected nationwide.…

Sendai Framework · Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030)

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 is the United Nations agreement that sets the global agenda for preventing…

Serging Osmeña · Sergio "Serging" Osmeña Jr.

Sergio Veloso Osmeña Jr. (December 4, 1916 – March 26, 1984), known throughout Philippine politics as Serging, was a Filipino…

Win Gatchalian · Win

Sherwin Gatchalian (born April 6, 1974) — Sherwin Ting Gatchalian, universally known as Win Gatchalian — is a Filipino politician…

SIM Card Registration Act · SIM Registration Act

The SIM Registration Act, officially the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Registration Act and designated Republic Act No. 11934, is the…

Republic Act No. 10351 · RA 10351

The Sin Tax Reform Law of 2012 is the popular name of Republic Act No. 10351, formally "An Act Restructuring…

SSS · Social Security System

The Social Security System (SSS) is a Philippine government-owned and controlled corporation (GOCC) that administers the country's social security program…

Social Protection · Social Assistance

Social Welfare, in the Philippine context, refers to the organized system of government policies, legislative measures, social services, and community-based…

Partido Sosyalista ng Pilipinas · PSP

The Socialist Party of the Philippines (SPP) — in Filipino, Partido Sosyalista ng Pilipinas (PSP) — was a Philippine political…

Sotero Baluyut y Julao · Sotero J. Baluyut

Sotero Baluyut (Sotero Baluyut y Julao; January 3, 1889, San Fernando, Pampanga – January 6, 1975, Manila) was a Filipino…

South China Sea dispute

The South China Sea disputes are the set of overlapping island and maritime claims in the South China Sea among…

SEATO · Manila Pact Organization (after its founding treaty)

The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) was the Cold War collective-defense organization created by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty…

Spooner proviso — the styling from its statutory form as a proviso in the appropriations act · Act of March 2, 1901 (ch. 803, 31 Stat. 895, 910) — the statute-citation form of the carrying act

The Spooner Amendment is the popular name of the proviso, carried as a rider on the Army Appropriation Act approved…

Kalayaan Island Group (Philippine-administered portion) · Nansha Islands (Chinese usage)

The Spratly Islands are a scattered group of reefs, atolls, shoals, cays, and small islands in the South China Sea,…

SONA · Talumpati sa Kalagayan ng Bansa

The State of the Nation Address (SONA) is the annual address by which the President of the Philippines reports to…

SBMA — the standard acronym · The Subic Authority — the act's own shorthand in Section 14

The Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority (SBMA) is the government-owned corporation that governs and administers the Subic Bay Freeport Zone —…

Supreme Court of the Philippines · Kataas-taasang Hukuman ng Pilipinas

The Supreme Court of the Philippines (Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman ng Pilipinas) is the highest judicial body in the Philippines, established…

Second Philippine Commission — the formal designation, distinguishing it from the Schurman Commission of 1899 · Philippine Commission — the institutional name the body carried to 1916, used in this wiki's entry of that title

The Taft Commission is the popular name of the Second Philippine Commission, the five-member body President William McKinley created on…

TC (the agency's own abbreviation) · Commission (the term defined in the CMTA and the trade remedy statutes to mean the Tariff Commission)

The Tariff Commission (TC) is the Philippine government agency responsible for tariff research, tariff classification, and trade remedy adjudication —…

TFDP · Task Force Detainees

The Task Force Detainees of the Philippines (TFDP) is a Philippine human-rights organization, founded in 1974 by the Association of…

Tecson v. Commission on Elections · The FPJ citizenship cases

Tecson v. COMELEC (G.R. Nos. 161434, 161634 and 161824, March 3, 2004) is a decision of the Supreme Court of…

territorial waters

The territorial sea is the belt of sea, up to 12 nautical miles wide, measured from a coastal state's baselines,…

President Roosevelt — the styling of the 1901–1909 years · T.R. — the standard contemporary abbreviation

Theodore Roosevelt (October 27, 1858, New York City – January 6, 1919, Sagamore Hill, New York) was the twenty-sixth president…

Third Philippine Republic · Postwar Republic of the Philippines

The Third Republic of the Philippines is the designation for the republican government established when the United States recognized Philippine…

Thomasite teachers — the descriptive styling · The American teachers — the usage in Philippine school histories of the era

The Thomasites were the American teachers sent to the Philippines at the start of the American colonial period — named,…

Vicente Castelo Sotto III · Vicente Sotto III

Tito Sotto — Vicente Castelo Sotto III, born August 24, 1948, in Manila — is a Filipino politician, songwriter, and…

TRB · Toll Regulatory Board of the Philippines

The Toll Regulatory Board (TRB) is the Philippine government agency that regulates all toll roads and toll facilities in the…

The Tiger of Malaya — the sobriquet earned by the 1942 Malayan campaign · Yamashita Tomoyuki — the Japanese name order

Tomoyuki Yamashita (November 8, 1885 – February 23, 1946) was a general of the Imperial Japanese Army whose career spanned…

Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion Act · Republic Act No. 10963

The TRAIN Law, officially designated as Republic Act No. 10963 (the Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion Act), is a…

Transport service cooperative — the formal descriptor used in program documents and cooperative names · Transportation cooperative — the styling used in the older executive orders governing the sector

A transport cooperative — in Philippine regulatory usage, a transport service cooperative — is a cooperative organized and owned by…

TNVS (the standard initialism in LTFRB issuances and media) · Transportation Network Vehicle Service (the order's full phrasing)

Transport Network Vehicle Service (TNVS) is the Philippine regulatory classification for vehicles that offer "pre-arranged transportation services for compensation" —…

Article 114 of the Revised Penal Code — the statutory citation form · The crime of treason against the Philippines

Treason is the gravest of the crimes against national security in Philippine law, defined and punished by Article 114 of…

Treaty of General Relations — the official short title in Philippine and American treaty practice · Treaty of General Relations and Protocol — the full formal styling

The Treaty of Manila, formally the Treaty of General Relations (and Protocol) between the United States of America and the…

Tratado de Tordesillas (Spanish and Portuguese designation) · The Tordesillas line / the line of demarcation

The Treaty of Tordesillas (Spanish and Portuguese: Tratado de Tordesillas) is the agreement signed on June 7, 1494 at Tordesillas,…

Estrada plunder case · Sandiganbayan Criminal Case No. 26558

The Trial of Joseph Estrada refers to the plunder and perjury proceedings brought against Joseph Ejercito Estrada, the 13th President…

Philippine Independence Act — the statute's formal short title · Public Law 73-127 — the United States legal citation

The Tydings-McDuffie Act, formally the Philippine Independence Act (Public Law 73-127, 48 Stat. 456), is the United States statute approved…

BBM–Sara tandem · Marcos–Duterte tandem

The UniTeam was the Philippine electoral alliance formed in November 2021 to contest the May 9, 2022 national elections behind…

UNIDO — the acronym by which the coalition is known throughout the literature · United Democratic Opposition — the coalition's name from its January 1980 founding to its April 1982 renaming

The United Nationalist Democratic Organization (UNIDO) was the principal opposition coalition of the late Marcos era — the electoral umbrella…

UN — the standard abbreviation · The UN — the everyday designation

The United Nations (UN) is the intergovernmental organization founded by the United Nations Charter, drawn up at the San Francisco…

Pangalawang Pangulo ng Pilipinas — the Filipino designation · VP of the Philippines — the common abbreviation

The Vice President of the Philippines (Filipino: Pangalawang Pangulo ng Pilipinas) is the second-highest elective office of the Philippines —…

VFA · RP–US Visiting Forces Agreement

The Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA) is the 1998 agreement between the Philippines and the United States — formally the Agreement…

Philippine drug war — the standard reference-work title · Oplan Tokhang — the everyday name, from the knock-and-plead house visits

The War on Drugs in the Philippines is the anti-narcotics campaign that President Rodrigo Duterte launched with his inauguration on…

MWSS privatization · 1997 MWSS concession split

Water privatization in Metro Manila is the transfer, beginning in 1997, of the water and used-water operations of the state-owned…

WESM (usual initialism in the power industry and in EPIRA) · Wholesale Electricity Spot Market of the Philippines

The Wholesale Electricity Spot Market (WESM) is the Philippines' spot market for electricity, created by Section 30 of the Electric…

Civil Governor Taft — his styling during the Philippine governorship, 1901–1903 · Governor Taft — the common short form in American-period Philippine records

William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930) was an American lawyer, judge, and statesman who organized the…

President McKinley — the standard styling of his era · The twenty-fifth president — his ordinal designation

William McKinley (January 29, 1843, Niles, Ohio – September 14, 1901, Buffalo, New York) was the twenty-fifth president of the…

WHO · World Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) is the United Nations specialized agency for international public health, established on 7 April 1948…

A.M. No. 07-9-12-SC — the Rule's administrative-matter citation · The Rule on the Writ of Amparo — the instrument's formal title

The writ of amparo — from the Spanish for "protection" — is the protective remedy institutionalized in Philippine law by…

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